Effects of Artificial Shading and Plant Density on <i>Corymbia Citriodora</i> Seedling Characteristics

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of colored shade mesh and plant density on the morphological characteristics of Corymbia citriodora seedlings. The highest radiation efficiency was found in the blue mesh, 7.01 g MJ^-1 and 5.72 g MJ^-1 for average and high density respectively. For dry matter and leaf area index at high density, the treatment without mesh followed by the red mesh was the best. The chlorophyll index did not differ between treatments, with mean values of 206.4, 59.1 and 262.0 for chlorophyll a, b and total, respectively. Using principal component analysis, we found the total variance to be 70%. The use of colored shade mesh and plant density altered the radiation use efficiency and dry matter accumulation. Leaf area index was affected only by plant density. The red mesh resulted in the most similar values to the treatment without mesh.

Keywords:
Leaf area index; air temperature; radiation use efficiency

Authorship

Claiton Nardini

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilFrederico Westphalen, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-6720

Jaqueline Sgarbossa

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilSanta Maria, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-090X

Axel Bruno Mariotto

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-6281

Matheus Milani Pretto

Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.Universidade do Estado de São PauloBrasilBotucatu, SP, BrasilUniversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.

Elvis Felipe Elli

Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, Iowa, United States.Iowa State UniversityUnited StatesAmes, Iowa, United StatesIowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, Iowa, United States.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-4956

Davi de Oliveira

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-0762

Denise Schmidt

Braulio Otomar Caron

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-3294

CORRESPONDENCE TOClaiton Nardini Linha 7 de Setembro, Br 386 Km 40, S/N, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil. e-mail: claitonnardini@live.com

Associate editor:

José Carlos Arthur Junior https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8822

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

Claiton Nardini: Conceptualization (Lead); Methodology (Lead); Visualization (Lead); Writing - original draft (Lead).

Jaqueline Sgarbossa: Data curation (Lead); Formal analysis (Lead).

Axel Bruno Mariotto: Supervision (Supporting); Validation (Supporting); Visualization (Supporting).

Matheus Milani Pretto: Methodology (Supporting); Validation (Supporting); Visualization (Supporting).

Elvis Felipe Elli: Conceptualization (Supporting); Investigation (Supporting); Supervision (Supporting); Visualization (Supporting).

Davi de Oliveira: Supervision (Supporting); Visualization (Supporting).

Denise Schmidt: Funding acquisition (Lead); Resources (Lead); Supervision (Supporting); Visualization (Supporting)

Braulio Otomar Caron: Conceptualization (Supporting); Funding acquisition (Supporting); Investigation (Supporting); Supervision (Lead); Visualization (Supporting).

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Formulas

Figures (6)
Formulas (2)

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Figure 1
Average air temperature (a) and incident global solar radiation (b) values throughout the study. Horizontal lines indicate inferior base temperature (a) and trophic Limit (b) for Corymbia citriodora.

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Figure 2
Solar radiation transmissivity (%) for the treatments Red mesh, blue mesh and no mesh. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) according to Tukey test.

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Figure 3
Radiation use efficiency (RUE, g MJ^-1) of Corymbia citriodora seedlings produced under colored (blue and red) mesh and without mesh, under high and medium density. Red mesh (a), blue mesh (b) and no mesh (c). SD is the standard deviation of radiation use efficiency.

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Figure 4
Dry matter for treatments without mesh (a), Blue mash (b) and red mash (c) and leaf area index for treatments without mesh (d), Blue mash (e) and Red mash (f) as a function of the accumulated degree days of Corymbia citriodora seedlings.

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Figure 5
Chlorophyll index of Corymbia citriodora seedlings produced in 30% colored, red, Blue and non-meshed meshes inside the greenhouse at high and medium density.

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Figure 6
Principal component analysis (PCA) for analysis of variables for the leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight reason (LWR), leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), net assiilation rate (NAR), radiation use efficiency (RUE), total dry matter (TDM), absolute growth rate (AGR), biological productivy (BP), chlorophyll a (Chl A), chlorophyll b (Chl B), chlorophyll total (Chl Total), chlorophyll a/b (Chl A/B) and in the treatments: high density blue mesh (BH), high density red mesh (RH), high density no mesh (WH), medium density blue mesh (BM), medium density red mesh (RM), medium density no mesh (WM).

Thumbnail

(1)

Thumbnail

(2)

Figure 1 Average air temperature (a) and incident global solar radiation (b) values throughout the study. Horizontal lines indicate inferior base temperature (a) and trophic Limit (b) for Corymbia citriodora.

Figure 2 Solar radiation transmissivity (%) for the treatments Red mesh, blue mesh and no mesh. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) according to Tukey test.

Figure 3 Radiation use efficiency (RUE, g MJ^-1) of Corymbia citriodora seedlings produced under colored (blue and red) mesh and without mesh, under high and medium density. Red mesh (a), blue mesh (b) and no mesh (c). SD is the standard deviation of radiation use efficiency.

Figure 4 Dry matter for treatments without mesh (a), Blue mash (b) and red mash (c) and leaf area index for treatments without mesh (d), Blue mash (e) and Red mash (f) as a function of the accumulated degree days of Corymbia citriodora seedlings.

Figure 5 Chlorophyll index of Corymbia citriodora seedlings produced in 30% colored, red, Blue and non-meshed meshes inside the greenhouse at high and medium density.

Figure 6 Principal component analysis (PCA) for analysis of variables for the leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight reason (LWR), leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), net assiilation rate (NAR), radiation use efficiency (RUE), total dry matter (TDM), absolute growth rate (AGR), biological productivy (BP), chlorophyll a (Chl A), chlorophyll b (Chl B), chlorophyll total (Chl Total), chlorophyll a/b (Chl A/B) and in the treatments: high density blue mesh (BH), high density red mesh (RH), high density no mesh (WH), medium density blue mesh (BM), medium density red mesh (RM), medium density no mesh (WM).

(1)

T = \frac{I}{I_{0}} \times 100

(2)

CDD = \sum (Tavg - Tb)

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Effects of Artificial Shading and Plant Density on <i>Corymbia Citriodora</i> Seedling Characteristics

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOClaiton Nardini Linha 7 de Setembro, Br 386 Km 40, S/N, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil. e-mail: claitonnardini@live.com