<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Seedlings Nutritional Status in a Recovery Area in the Brazilian Savannah

Boni, Thaís Soto; Maltoni, Kátia Luciene; Mizobata, Kellian Kenji Gonzaga da Silva

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.012518

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 27 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.012518 copy

Dipteryx alata Seedlings Nutritional Status in a Recovery Area in the Brazilian Savannah

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Dipteryx alata is an arboreal species found in the Brazilian Savannah (BS), that has potential human and animal uses, including nutrition, medicine, and revegetation. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and growth of D. alata seedlings used to recover degraded soils to which residues had been added compared to seedlings grown in the BS. The degraded soil was treated with organic and agroindustrial residues. Twelve months after seedlings were introduced, they were evaluated for height, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, and concentration of foliar macro and micronutrients. The foliar concentration was determined for D. alata seedlings grown in the degraded area and BS. The addition of residues increased foliar concentration of seedlings grown in the degraded area; however, concentrations did not reach similar levels to seedlings grown in BS. D. alata accumulated Mn in plants. The height and stem diameter of seedlings responded positively to residue application.

Keywords:
degraded soil; residue; macrophytes; ash from sugarcane bagasse

Organic residue			Agroindustrial residue
Parameter	Unit	Result	Parameter	Unit	Result
Nitrogen	g kg⁻¹	17.6	Barium	mg kg⁻¹	25.7
Phosphorus	g kg⁻¹	1.7	Sodium	mg kg⁻¹	18.0
Potassium	g kg⁻¹	6.5	Potassium	mg kg⁻¹	1617
Calcium	g kg⁻¹	11.6	Arsenio	mg kg⁻¹	< 1.0
Magnesium	g kg⁻¹	2.4	Selenium	mg kg⁻¹	< 1.0
Sulfur	g kg⁻¹	6.7	Mercury	mg kg⁻¹	< 1.0
Boron	mg kg⁻¹	27	Aluminum	mg kg⁻¹	1710
Copper	mg kg⁻¹	57	Boron	mg kg⁻¹	< 3.2
Iron	mg kg⁻¹	2000	Cadmium	mg kg⁻¹	< 0.4
Manganese	mg kg⁻¹	194	Calcium	g kg⁻¹	5.3
Zinc	mg kg⁻¹	34	Lead	mg kg⁻¹	3.4
Agroindustrial residue			Copper	mg kg⁻¹	21.1
Parameter	Unit	Result	Chrome	mg kg⁻¹	12.5
pH (H20 1:10)	-	5.2	Sulfur	g kg⁻¹	0.24
Humidity (60-65 °C)	% (m/m)	3.2	Iron	mg kg⁻¹	1540
Total solids	% (m/m)	95.2	Phosphor	g kg⁻¹	0.86
Volatile solids	% (m/m)	48.7	Magnesium	g kg⁻¹	1.1
C Organic	g kg⁻¹	570	Manganese	mg kg⁻¹	182
N Kejldahl	g kg⁻¹	6.1	Molybdenum	mg kg⁻¹	< 0.9
N Ammoniacal	mg kg⁻¹	220	Nickel	mg kg⁻¹	< 2.4
N Nitrate-Nitrite	mg kg⁻¹	421	Zinc	mg kg⁻¹	12.4

Treatments	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Treatments	(g kg⁻¹)					(mg kg⁻¹)
MCC	25.0	2.0	12.0	4.1	1.6	49.0	8.0	86.1	153.0	18.7
OR00 + AR00	16.4***	0.9***	4.7***	4.4^ns	1.07***	32.3***	4.3^ns	275.7***	791.3***	39.0^ns
OR00 + AR15	17.5***	1.0***	6.0***	3.4^ns	1.47^ns	38.2^ns	14.0^ns	307.5***	772.3***	81.7^ns
OR00 + AR30	18.0***	1.1***	5.3***	3.6^ns	1.33^ns	27.2***	11.3^ns	186.0^ns	674.0***	45.0^ns
OR00 + AR45	18.0***	1.0***	6.3***	3.1^ns	0.93***	32.5***	10.0^ns	166.3^ns	591.3^ns	72.0^ns
OR16 + AR00	20.3^ns	0.9***	4.7***	3.5^ns	1.47^ns	37.7^ns	10.0^ns	192.3^ns	650.7***	29.0^ns
OR16 + AR15	19.6^ns	0.9***	6.7***	3.1^ns	1.07***	28.0 ***	16.3^ns	144.7^ns	610.7^ns	122.7***
OR16 + AR30	18.2***	0.9***	4.0***	2.9^ns	1.27^ns	45.9^ns	11.5^ns	640.4***	864.5 ***	104.5^ns
OR16 + AR45	19.6^ns	1.1***	6.7***	2.5^ns	0.97***	25.3***	7.0^ns	108.0^ns	414.0^ns	50.7^ns
OR32 + AR00	15.4***	0.8***	4.0***	2.5^ns	1.17^ns	34.1^ns	9.7^ns	116.3^ns	619.0^ns	39.0^ns
OR32 + AR15	14.8***	0.6***	4.7***	2.5^ns	1.0 ***	49.2^ns	8.0^ns	145.6^ns	572.0^ns	62.3^ns
OR32 + AR30	17.5***	1.1***	6.7***	3.9^ns	1.03***	23.6***	22.0^ns	252.7^ns	748.0***	104.0^ns
OR32 + AR45	18.2***	1.1***	7.3***	2.9^ns	1.13^ns	12.7***	29.0^ns	189.0^ns	530.7^ns	103.0^ns
P value	0.0001	0.0001	0.8010	0.1162	0.0012	0.0002	0.4800	0.0038	0.0003	0.0217
Overall medial	18.34	1.03	6.08	3.26	1.23	33.52	12.40	216.18	614.73	67.04
CV (%)	13	17	21	27	16	19	89	34	32	53

FV	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	B	Cu^#	Fe	Mn	Zn
	(g kg⁻¹)					(mg kg⁻¹)
Organic residue (OR)
0 t ha^-1	17.4ab	1.0	5.6	3.6	1.2	32.6	9.9	233.9	707.2	59.4
16 t ha^-1	19.4a	0.9	5.5	3.0	1.2	34.2	11.2	271.3	634.9	76.7
32 t ha^-1	16.5b	0.9	5.7	3.0	1.1	29.9	17.1	175.9	617.4	77.1
Agroindustrial residue (AR)
0 t ha^-1	17.3	0.9	4.4	3.5	1.3	34.7	8.0	194.8	687.0	35.7
15 t ha^-1	17.3	0.8	5.8	3.0	1.2	38.5	12.8	199.2	651.7	88.9
30 t ha^-1	17.8	1.0	5.3	3.4	1.2	32.3	14.9	359.6	762.2	84.5
45 t ha^-1	18.6	1.1	6.8	2.8	1.0	23.5	15.3	154.4	512.0	75.2
F value
BL^##	0.89^ns	0.54^ns	3.90^ns	2.35^ns	0.29^ns	4.07^ns	1.73^ns	1.97^ns	1.16^ns	2.22^ns
OR	2.57^ns	0.42^ns	0.40^ns	3.33^ns	1.05^ns	3.39^ns	0.59^ns	10.71**	0.28^ns	0.73^ns
AR	0.87^ns	2.64^ns	5.95*	0.92^ns	1.33^ns	8.31**	1.52^ns	25.32**	3.06^ns	2.09^ns
ORxAR	0.99^ns	1.61^ns	1.29^ns	0.99^ns	6.05**	7.12**	1.36^ns	8.208**	1.11^ns	3.73*
CV(%)	12	16	28	30	12	22	36	40	24	36

AR (Mg ha^-1)
OR (Mg ha^-1)	00	15	30	45	F	Regression equatio^ns	R²
OR (Mg ha^-1)	Mg (g kg^-1)					Regression equatio^ns	R²
00	1.1	1.5a	1.4	1.0	4.25*	ŷ = 0.367 + 0.947x - 0.200x²	0.9800
00	1.1	1.5a	1.4	1.0	4.25*	t = 1.115^ns 3.155 −3.386	0.9800
16	1.2	1.1ab	1.3	1.0	3.67*	ŷ = 1.56 - 0.13 x	0.8421
16	1.2	1.1ab	1.3	1.0	3.67*	t = 10.759** −2.536*	0.8421
32	1.5	1.0b	1.0	1.1	0.42^ns	ŷ^ns
F	3.210^ns	4.651*	2.043^ns	0.753^ns
	B (mg kg ^-1 )
00	32.3	38.2ab	27.2b	32.4a	1.42^ns	ŷ^ns
16	34.1	28.0b	45.9a	25.3ab	6.25**	ŷ^ns
32	37.7	49.2a	23.6b	12.7b	16.99**	ŷ = 52.33 - 8.97x	0.5541
32	37.7	49.2a	23.6b	12.7b	16.99**	t = 11.316 -5.314	0.5541
F	0.519^ns	7.903**	10.056**	7.058**
	Fe (mg kg ^-1 )
00	275.7	307.5a	186.0b	166.3	2.43^ns	ŷ^ns
16	192.3	144.6ab	640.7a	108.0	32.05**	Ŷ = -21.51 + 148.63x - 23.22x²	0.7065
16	192.3	144.6ab	640.7a	108.0	32.05**	t = -0.176^ns 1.334^ns -1.059^ns	0.7065
32	116.3	145.6ab	252.7b	189.0	1.82^ns	ŷ^ns
F	3.30^ns	4.57*	31.26**	0.91^ns
	Zn (mg kg ^-1 )
00	39.0	81.7	45.0	72.0	1.96^ns	ŷ^ns
16	29.0	122.7	104.5	50.7	8.93**	ŷ = -119.37 + 189.06x - 36.87x²	0.9503
16	29.0	122.7	104.5	50.7	8.93**	t = -2.905^ns 5.044 -4.997	0.9503
32	39.0	62.3	104.0	103.0	4.69*	ŷ = 18.67 + 23.37x	0.8910
32	39.0	62.3	104.0	103.0	4.69*	t = 1.033^ns 3.540**	0.8910
F	0.043^ns	1.229^ns	1.516^ns	0.897^ns

Treatments	P	MO	pH	K	Ca	Mg	H + Al	Al^#	B	Cu^#	Fe^#	Mn^#	Zn^#
Treatments	(mg dm^-3)	(g dm^-3)	(CaCl₂)	(mmol_c dm^-3)				(mg dm^-3)				Mn^#	Zn^#
SCC	2.3	23.3	4.6	1.2	12.3	9.7	36.7	4.3	0.3	3.1	59.3	43.5	0.7***
OR00 + AR00	1.0	8.3***	4.3^ns	0.4***	1.3***	1.3***	28.0***	9.3***	0.1***	0.6***	2.0***	12.5***	0.1***
OR00 + AR15	1.0	9.0***	4.4^ns	0.6^ns	3.7***	2.6***	25.0***	4.7^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.7***	11.8***	0.1***
OR00 + AR30	1.0	8.3***	4.4^ns	0.5***	4.6***	1.7***	25.3***	4.7^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.0***	11.1***	0.1***
OR00 + AR45	1.0	8.7***	4.8^ns	1.1^ns	8.7^ns	3.7***	20.3***	2.0^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.3***	10.1***	0.1***
OR16 + AR00	1.0	9.7***	4.3^ns	0.6^ns	2.3***	1.6***	28.0***	9.3***	0.1***	0.8***	3.0***	14.1***	0.2***
OR16 + AR15	1.0	9.7***	4.4^ns	0.6^ns	4.3***	4.0***	26.3***	6.3^ns	0.1***	0.7***	2.3***	11.4***	0.2***
OR16 + AR30	1.0	9.7***	4.6^ns	1.0^ns	5.7***	3.0***	23.0***	4.3^ns	0.1***	0.7***	3.3***	11.8***	0.1***
OR16 + AR45	1.0	9.3***	4.7^ns	1.2^ns	8.3^ns	3.3***	21.7***	2.7^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.7***	10.8***	0.1***
OR32 + AR00	1.0	9.0***	4.4^ns	0.8^ns	4.3***	2.3***	26.0***	5.3^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.3***	10.3***	0.2***
OR32 + AR15	1.0	9.0***	4.5^ns	0.9^ns	3.7***	2.6***	25.0***	4.7^ns	0.1***	0.7***	2.7***	13.1***	0.3***
OR32 + AR30	1.0	9.3***	4.8^ns	1.5^ns	8.7^ns	4.3***	21.0***	1.7^ns	0.1***	0.7***	3.7***	9.9***	0.1***
OR32 + AR45	1.0	8.3***	4.6^ns	1.3^ns	7.3***	3.7***	21.7***	3.3^ns	0.1***	0.6***	2.0***	10.9***	0.3***
P value	0.2841	0.0001	0.7131	0.0970	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.5670	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001
Overall average	1.11	10.13	4.53	0.89	5.79	3.38	25.23	4.82	0.13	0.83	6.94	14.01	0.20
CV %	14	9	3	32	29	42	8	31	12	29	35	24	65

Treatments	Plant height	Stem diameter
Treatments	(cm)	(mm)
Organic residue (OR)
0 Mg ha^-1	46.0 b	12.7 b
16 Mg ha^-1	62.3 a	15.4 a
32 Mg ha^-1	62.9 a	15.7 a
Agroindustrial residue (AR)
0 Mg ha^-1	41.3	12.3
15 Mg ha^-1	49.8	14.1
30 Mg ha^-1	62.5	14.9
45 Mg ha^-1	72.3	16.6
F value
BL	0.54^ns	1.96^ns
OR	7.29*	12.70*
AR	24.88**	5.82*
OR × AR	1.346^ns	1.28^ns
CV (%)	52	37

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