Effects of Natural Atlantic Forest Regeneration on Soil Fauna, Brazil

Camara, Rodrigo; Santos, Gilsonley Lopes dos; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Silva, Cristiane Figueira da; Silva, Vanessa Francieli Vital; Silva, Rafaela Martins

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.001716

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Original Article • Floresta Ambient. 25 (1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.001716 copy

Effects of Natural Atlantic Forest Regeneration on Soil Fauna, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The stage of natural forest regeneration may influence soil fauna. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that there are differences in the structure and composition of the soil fauna communities between areas undergoing less advanced (LAS) and more advanced (MAS) stages of natural regeneration of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest at Pinheiral, RJ. Soil fauna was sampled using pitfall traps, during dry and rainy seasons. Total abundance, abundance of the saprophagous/predator group, mainly Formicidae, and the relative participation of Orthoptera were higher in MAS, while the relative participation of Acari, Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera and the herbivorous group were higher in LAS, during both climatic seasons. Some taxonomic groups were restricted to one of the areas. Richness, evenness and diversity tended to present higher values in LAS (dry season). The higher complexity of the soil fauna community was correlated to the higher leaf litter standing stock in LAS.

Keywords:
edaphic fauna; bioindicators; forest succession

Ecosystem	Tree community attributes
	Ni	R	U	H’	BA	RPC
	Ni	R	U	H’	m³	%
LAS	149	61	0.68	3.41	2.90	4
MAS	82	43	0.74	3.25	4.97	19
	Soil attributes
	P	K	Ca	Mg	pH	SM
	mg dm^-3	--------cmol_c kg^-1--------			pH	%
	0-5 cm
LAS	1.50^a	0.28^b	3.05^a	2.02^a	4.46^b	20.71^b
MAS	1.96^a	0.46^a	3.68^a	2.33^a	5.11^a	32.94^a
	5-10 cm
LAS	0.63^b	0.22^b	1.47^a	1.51^b	4.16^b	20.10^b
MAS	1.17^a	0.29^a	2.08^a	1.88^a	4.82^a	27.57^a

Functional group	LAS	MAS	LAS	MAS
Functional group	Dry season		Rainy season
S/P	5.06^b (0.76)	6.25^a (2.71)	1.40^b (0.26)	11.33^a (4.24)
M/S	3.78^a (0.41)	4.25^a (0.57)	8.38^a (1.41)	9.34^a (1.72)
H	2.62^a (0.33)	2.29^a (0.38)	1.80^a (0.31)	2.13^a (0.42)
P	0.69^a (0.10)	0.33^b (0.07)	0.52^a (0.12)	0.35^a (0.07)
S	0.25^a (0.04)	0.13^b (0.02)	0.31^a (0.11)	0.37^a (0.18)
Total	12.40^b (0.55)	13.26^a (1.32)	12.41^b (0.89)	23.52^a (2.24)

Ecosystem	Season	Taxonomic group
LAS	Dry	Auchenorryncha, Dermaptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Isoptera, larvae of Lepidoptera, Opilionida, Pseudoscorpionida and Psocoptera
LAS	Rainy	Auchenorryncha, Chilopoda, Dermaptera, Diplura, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Isoptera, larvae of Diptera, Orthoptera, Psocoptera and Thysanoptera
MAS	Dry	Auchenorryncha, Dermaptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Opilionida and Pseudoscorpionida
MAS	Rainy	Auchenorryncha, Blattodea, Chilopoda, Dermaptera, Diplopoda, Diplura, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, larvae of Coleoptera, larvae of Diptera, Psocoptera and Symphyla

Structural attribute	LAS	MAS	LAS	MAS
Structural attribute	Dry season		Rainy season
R	17	13	18	20
U	0.68	0.65	0.44	0.42
H’	2.77	2.39	1.82	1.82

Season	Ecosystem	LSS	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
Season	Ecosystem	(Mg ha^-1)	------------------(g kg^-1)------------------
Dry	LAS	10.22^a (3.38)	13.70^a (3.56)	0.65^a (0.28)	0.37^a (0.12)	9.72^a (4.03)	4.19^a (1.78)
Dry	MAS	6.47^b (2.03)	11.40^b (3.06)	0.67^a (0.17)	0.43^a (0.19)	21.00^b (8.90)	5.86^b (2.29)
Rainy	LAS	7.45^a (2.53)	12.76^a (1.82)	0.64^a (0.14)	0.50^a (0.17)	9.11^a (3.73)	5.74^a (1.55)
Rainy	MAS	5.04^b (2.63)	15.21^b (2.18)	1.06^b (1.86)	0.31^b (0.11)	21.27^b (6.75)	4.79^b (1.12)

Site	Ecosystem	Age (years)/Stage of regeneration	Ab/D	R
Puerto Rico	Tropical Wet Forest1	5; 30; > 60	-	7-10; 15-21; 18-26
Mexico	Tropical Montane Cloud Forest2	15; 45; 75; 100	16.6; 28.7; 52.6; 54.9 ind. m^-2	-
Brazil	Amazonian Forest3	Secondary forest; primary forest	29,776; 7,168 ind. m^-2	21; 13
	Amazonian Forest4	Young (4-7); medium (11-15); old secondary forests (20-40); old-growth forest	1,191; 1,374; 2,221; 1,758 ind. m^-2	15.1; 15.3; 17.4; 16.1
	Atlantic Forest5 ^* * average values between rainy and dry seasons;	YP^ Atlantic Forest regeneration under abandoned young (YP) and mature (MP) plantations of Corymbia citriodora; (19); MP^ Atlantic Forest regeneration under abandoned young (YP) and mature (MP) plantations of Corymbia citriodora; (42); native forest	13.5; 20.6; 25.5 ind. pitfall^-1 day^-1	19; 20; 23
	Atlantic Forest6	6; 15; 35; 70; 130; 300	165; 110; 178; 223; 195; 243 ind.	5; 6; 9; 10; 11; 12
	Atlantic Forest7 ^* * average values between rainy and dry seasons;	LAS^* *** LAS: less advanced stage; MAS: more advanced stage of natural forest regeneration. ; MAS^* ******* LAS: less advanced stage; MAS: more advanced stage of natural forest regeneration.	12.41; 18.39 ind. pitfall^-1 day^-1	18; 17
	Atlantic Forest8 ^* * average values between rainy and dry seasons;	Initial; medium; advanced stage	1941; 1384; 2156 ind. m^-2	16; 18; 20
	Atlantic Forest 9 ^* * average values between rainy and dry seasons;	Initial; medium; advanced stage	9.54; 18.28; 25.53	19; 20; 22
	Cerrado Seasonal Forest10	Initial; mature	-	13; 19

Ab/D: abundance/density; R: richness. ¹Barberena-Arias & Aide (2003)Barberena-Arias MF, Aide TM. Species diversity and trophic composition of litter insects during plant secondary succession. Caribbean Journal of Science 2003; 39(2): 161-169.; ²Negrete-Yankelevich et al. (2007)Negrete-Yankelevich S, Fragoso C, Newton AC, Heal OW. Successional changes in soil, litter and macroinvertebrate parameters following selective logging in a Mexican Cloud Forest. Applied Soil Ecology 2007; 35(2): 340-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.07.006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.... ; ³Morais et al. (2010)Morais JW, Oliveira VS, Dambros CS, Tapia-Coral SC, Acioli ANS. Mesofauna do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso da terra no Alto Rio Solimões, AM. Neotropical Entomology 2010; 39(2): 145-152. PMid:20498948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2010000200001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2010... ; ⁴Rousseau et al. (2014)Rousseau GX, Silva PRS, Celentano D, Carvalho CJR. Macrofauna do solo em uma cronosequência de capoeiras, florestas e pastos no Centro de Endemismo Belém, Amazônia Oriental. Acta Amazonica 2014; 44(4): 499-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201303245.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-439220130... ; ⁵Camara et al. (2012)Camara R, Correia MEF, Villela DM. Effects of eucalyptus plantations on soil arthropod communities in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest conservation. Bioscience Journal 2012; 28(3): 445-455.; ⁶Szinwelski et al. (2012)Szinwelski N, Rosa CS, Schoereder J, Mews CM, Sperber CF. Effects of forest regeneration on crickets: evaluating environmental drivers in a 300-year chronosequence. International Journal of Zoology 2012; 2012: 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/793419.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/793419... ; ⁷Present study, ⁸Menezes et al. (2009)Menezes CEG, Correia MEF, Pereira MG, Batista I, Rodrigues KM, Couto WH et al. Macrofauna edáfica em estádios sucessionais de floresta estacional semidecidual e pastagem mista em Pinheiral (RJ). Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2009; 33(6): 1647-1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000600013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009... ; ⁹Machado et al. (2015)Machado DL, Pereira MG, Correia MEF, Diniz AR, Menezes CEG. Fauna edáfica na dinâmica sucessional da Mata Atlântica em floresta estacional semidecidual na bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul – RJ. Ciência Florestal 2015; 25(1): 91-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817466... ; ¹⁰Cunha & Orlando (2011)Cunha HF, Orlando TYS. Functional composition of termite species in areas of abandoned pasture and in secondary succession of the Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, Goiás, Brazil. Bioscience Journal 2011; 27(6): 986-992.;
^*
average values between rainy and dry seasons;
^**
Atlantic Forest regeneration under abandoned young (YP) and mature (MP) plantations of Corymbia citriodora;
^***
LAS: less advanced stage; MAS: more advanced stage of natural forest regeneration.

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[1] *Marcos Gervasio PereiraDepartamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil e-mail: mgervasiopereira01@gmail.com