My Wooden House: Unit Cost of Popular Housing in Acre state, Brazil

Lima, Maria de Fátima de Brito; Souza, Álvaro Nogueira de; Fontes, Paulo José Prudente de; Teixeira, Divino Eterno; Joaquim, Maísa Santos

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.084517

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article, Forest Management • Floresta Ambient. 26 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.084517 copy

My Wooden House: Unit Cost of Popular Housing in Acre state, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Housing deficit is a problem that affects low-income populations in Brazil, with over 6 million families affected nationwide and approximately 631 thousand in the North region of the country. Ordinance no. 318/2014 of the Brazilian Ministry of Cities authorized the construction of popular housing using timber as raw material in that region. The objective of this study was to establish the unit cost of a wooden dwelling, referenced in the project Popular Wooden Housing (PWH) developed by the Laboratory of Forest Products and the University of Brasília (UNB) for the National Rural Housing Program (NRHP). The Basic Unit Cost (BUC/m² ) methodology was used, with collection of prices in Rio Branco, capital of the state of Acre, for composition of the Final Unit Cost (FCU/m²) of a wood construction. Mean cost of R$ 934.52/m² was observed from September 2015 to April 2016. Feasibility of wood construction was demonstrated by a final cost per m² 28.06% lower than that of a conventional masonry house.

Keywords:
NRHP Popular Wooden Housing; social housing; costs

Implementation stages	Systems, organizations, suppliers, and collaborators involved	Results achieved
1 – Visit to Rio Branco to demonstrate the project and sensitize the parties involved in August 2015	SINDUSMAD-AC; SINDUSCON-AC; FUNTAC; FIEAC; 10 timber companies and sawmills; 04 construction material retailers.	Forwarding of spreadsheets with quantities of timber and other construction materials of the PWH project to attain market price collection
2 – Market data collection	Timber companies: Índia Porã; Triângulo; Madeirense. Retailers: Agroboi; Barriga Verde; Parafusão. Undergraduate student majoring in Economics at UFAC.	Monthly collection of prices from timber companies, sawmills, and construction material retailers
3 – Preparation of electrical, hydraulic and sanitary projects	Collaborating civil engineer, professional registration no. CREA -180.161.895-0.	Preparation of spreadsheets with quantities of materials, based on the projects, and treatment of all data using Microsoft Excel^® 2010 software

Wood	Density	Durability	Use
Cumaru Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.	Heavy wood. Density at 12% moisture content of 1.080 kg/m³ and green density of 1280 kg/m³	Resistant to fungi, insects, and marine wood borers. Ranging from 10 to 22 years in contact with the soil	External and internal constructions, floors, among others
Garapeira Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr	Heavy wood. Density at 12% moisture content of 880-900 kg/m³ and green density of 1250 kg/m³	Resistant to white- and brown-rot fungi and insects; weatherproof	Joinery, furniture, sleepers, boats, poles, piles, tool handles, among others
Jatobá Hymenaea courbaril L.	Heavy wood. Density at 12% moisture content of 890 kg/m³ and green density of 1240 kg/m³	Heart very resistant to fungi and termites. Low resistance to marine borers	Civil construction, luxury furniture, sleepers, truck bodies, implements for trucks, among others
Tauari Couratari spp.	Heavy wood. Density at 12% moisture content of 610 kg/m³ and green density of 1100 kg/m³	Tendency to blue stain. It should be used dry and protected from moisture and insects	Civil and naval construction, furniture, curved parts, joinery, domestic utensils, among others

Type of material	Unit	Quantity	Mean unit value (R$)	Mean total value (R$)
Pillars				2,025.33
10 × 10 × 331 cm pillar	piece	3	87.32	261.92
15 × 15 × 356 cm pillar	piece	9	176.24	1,586.15
Pillar complement (15 × 15 × 85 cm)	piece	3	59.09	177.26
Beams of roof structure				2,569.59
Slats (1.5 × 5cm)	m	220	1.70	372.90
Rafters (5 × 7 × 435 cm)	piece	10	28.75	287.53
Rafters (5 × 7 × 360 cm)	piece	24	22.79	546.93
Rafters (5 × 7 × 205 cm)	piece	7	13.42	93.93
Purlins (5 × 15 × 205 cm)	piece	2	44.73	89.47
Purlins (5 × 15 × 280 cm)	piece	5	56.19	280.98
Purlins (5 × 15 × 375 cm)	piece	3	80.20	240.58
Purlins (5 × 15 × 481 cm)	piece	1	135.64	135.64
Purlins (5 × 15 × 428 cm)	piece	5	79.87	399.32
Battens for the porch rafters (2 × 10 × 202 cm)	piece	8	15.29	122.31
Walls				5,147.83
Panel fixation/purlins (2 × 10 × 360 cm)	piece	10	20.51	205.04
Panel fixation/purlins (2 × 10 × 270 cm)	piece	10	18.33	183.31
Panel fixation/purlins (2 × 10 × 180 cm)	piece	2	15.74	31.49
Panel fixation/purlins (2 × 10 × 90 cm)	piece	4	6.33	25.45
Panel fixation/purlins (5 × 5 × 90 cm)	piece	2	5.74	11.48
Wood-joint or panel fixation/pillars (2 × 4 × 255cm)	m	92	4.12	378.73
Wood-joint or panel fixation/panel (2 × 7 × 255 cm)	m	118	6.56	773.88
Doorstop (5 × 8 × 255 cm)	piece	8	18.76	150.07
Doorstop (5 × 8 × 83 cm)	piece	4	7.14	28.55
Wood board separators (2 × 2 × 15 cm)	piece	36	0.84	30.00
Fixing batten (2 × 10 × 85 cm)	piece	4	4.07	16.27
Lining boards (2 × 15 × 83 cm)	piece	459	5.58	2,560.67
Window/door shutters (1 × 8 × 83 cm)	piece	63	0.55	34.86
Window/door shutters (1.5 × 8 × 76 cm)	piece	36	0.64	22.92
Panel support (5 × 5 × 255 cm)	piece	14	5.81	81.36
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 590 cm)	piece	16	16.90	270.40
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 108.15 cm)	piece	4	4.42	17.69
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 135.8 cm)	piece	4	5.86	23.44
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 161.5 cm)	piece	4	5.29	21.15
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 188.15 cm)	piece	4	5.56	22.23
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 214.8 cm)	piece	4	6.65	26.60
Slats or shutters of the gables s (2 × 15 × 241.5 cm)	piece	4	6.92	27.68
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 268.15 cm)	piece	4	8.36	33.43
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 294.8 cm)	piece	4	8.62	34.47
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 282 cm)	piece	8	8.49	67.89
Slats or shutters of the gables (2 × 15 × 292.5 cm)	piece	8	8.60	68.77
Door and window frames				1,710.79
Flat part (5 × 8 × 83 cm)	piece	4	8.11	32.43
Frame (5 × 8 × 109.5 cm)	piece	14	9.62	134.63
Frame (5 × 8 × 83 cm)	piece	14	8.40	117.60
Shutter side (2 × 8 × 36 cm)	piece	8	2.18	17.37
Panel batten (5 × 5 × 83 cm)	piece	14	4.67	65.33
Panel batten (5 × 8 × 83 cm)	piece	54	6.94	374.85
Panel support (5 × 5 × 255 cm)	piece	54	13.30	717.98
Board (2 × 15 × 83 cm)	piece	42	5.97	250.60
Ceiling				1,345.24
Joist support (3 × 3 × 360 cm)	piece	7	10.83	75.79
Joist support (3 × 3 × 177.5 cm)	piece	1	3.12	3.12
Ceiling fixing bar (5 × 6 × 280 cm)	piece	29	15.77	457.43
Ceiling fixing bar (5 × 6 × 250 cm)	piece	3	14.90	44.69
Ceiling fixing bar (5 × 6 × 100 cm)	piece	2	5.97	11.93
Ceiling boards (1 × 10 cm)	m²	50	9.55	477.28
Ceiling skirting	m	55	5.00	275.00
Floor and floor structure				7,279.29
Floor sleeper (5 × 15 × 270 cm)	piece	5	49.68	248.36
Floor sleeper (5 × 15 × 140 cm)	piece	2	33.78	67.55
Floor sleeper (5 × 15 × 360 cm)	piece	5	64.42	322.08
Floor sleeper (5 × 15 × 190 cm)	piece	1	39.39	39.39
Floor sleeper (5 × 15 × 247.5 cm)	piece	1	47.76	47.76
Bar support (5 × 7 × 352 cm)	piece	7	26.11	182.76
Bar support (5 × 7 × 132 cm)	piece	2	8.99	17.98
Bar support (5 × 7 ×175 cm)	piece	2	13.43	26.86
Bar support (5 × 7 × 233.5cm)	piece	1	16.78	16.78
Longboard bar support (5 × 11 × 280 cm)	piece	27	37.99	1,025.78
Longboard bar support (5 × 11 × 100 cm)	piece	2	13.56	27.12
Longboard bar support (5 × 11 × 75 cm)	piece	6	11.64	69.83
Floor sleeper supports (4 × 15 × 42.5 cm)	piece	23	21.38	491.63
Floor sleeper supports (4 × 10 × 42.5 cm)	piece	04	8.66	34.64
Lining floor board (2 × 15 cm)	m²	63	59.85	3,770.55
5 cm wall skirting board	m	45	6.50	292.50
Stairs (5 × 18 × 110 cm)	unit	04	35.48	141.88
Stairs (3 × 30 × 152 cm)	unit	02	45.56	91.11
Stairs (3 × 30 × 82 cm)	unit	02	21.72	43.43
Porch body guard (5 × 11 × 400 cm)	piece	07	31.50	220.50
Porch body guard (5 × 11 × 300 cm)	piece	04	25.20	100.80
Total cost of wood				20,078.07

Type of material	Unit	Quantity	Mean unit value (R$)	Mean total value (R$)
Doors and windows				2,153.31
Flush wood door for painting 80 × 210 × 3.5 cm	unit	2	117.62	235.23
Flush plywood door for painting 80 × 210 × 3.5cm	unit	2	185.47	370.94
Flush wood door for painting 60 × 210 × 3.5 cm	unit	1	110.30	110.30
Wooden pivoting window, without shutter, with trim	unit	7	150.67	1,054.66
Wooden swing window, regional 3a type	unit	1	94.07	94.07
Built-in door lock for external door, door handle, and metal mirror	unit	2	31.94	63.88
Built-in door lock for internal door, popular line	unit	1	24.83	24.83
Built-in door lock for bathroom door, popular line	unit	1	24.16	24.16
Steel and/or iron hinge, 3” × 2 â½”, 1.2 to 1.8 mm thick	unit	26	6.74	175.24
Roof				4,345.17
Half-round ceramic roof tile, 47 cm, coverage 26 pieces/m²	m	2360	1.78	4,192.93
Ceramic roof tile ridge, 41 cm, coverage 3 pieces/m	piece	30	5.09	152.24
Masonry and foundation				2,136.93
8-hole ceramic block, de 9 × 19 × 19 cm	unit	660	0.55	363.00
Portland composite cement, CP II-32 (50 kg bag)	unit	18	34.98	629.70
Crushed stone no. 1 (9.5 to 19 mm), quarry supplier	m³	2	228.44	456.88
Crushed stone no. 2 (19 to 38 mm), quarry supplier	m³	3	225.09	675.26
Medium sand, deposit supplier	m³	0.3	40.31	12.09
Painting				806.50
Premium matte white acrylic paint	gal	6	65.05	390.28
Termiticide, Pentox^®	l	5	29.68	148.10
Bright synthetic varnish	l	7.2	17.98	129.43
Turpentine diluent solvent	l	5	10.30	51.50
Paint roller	unit	3	25.15	75.44
Sandpaper for wall or wood, no. 120	unit	5	0.55	2.75
Cotton waste	kg	1	9.00	9.00
Screws, bolts, nuts, nails and hardware				306.57
French head galvanized bolt 3/8” (9.5 × 130 mm) nut/washer	unit	49	1.36	66.64
French head galvanized bolt 3/8” (9.5 × 180 mm) nut/washer	unit	19	1.76	33.44
Slotted screw 5.5 × 75 mm	unit	48	2.01	96.48
S10 bushing	unit	08	0.39	3.12
Nail 15 × 15	kg	03	10.71	31.13
Nail 17 × 21	kg	02	11.42	22.84
Nail 18 × 30	kg	04	13.23	52.92
Total cost of other construction materials				9,728.48

SINAPI code	Type of material/Installation	Total cost (R$)
Various	Hydraulic installations	1,133.99 ^* * SINAPI = National System of Costs Survey and Indexes of Construction ( Brasil, 2019 ).
Various	Sanitary installations	909.42*
Various	Electrical installations	712.38*
	Total cost of materials	2,755.79

Quantity	Professional	Man-hours/day	Total hours/ professional	Cost per hour (R$)	Total cost/ professional (R$)
2	Mason	8 x 8	128	13.97	1,787.73
1	Hod carrier	8 x 8	64	10.17	650.67
4	Carpenter	8 x 15	480	13.97	6,704.00
2	Carpenter’s assistant	8 x 15	240	10.49	2,517.60
1	Roofer	8 x 5	40	12.08	483.07
1	Painter	8 x 8	64	13.97	893.97
1	Painter’s assistant	8 x 8	64	10.49	671.36
1	Plumber	8 x 8	64	13.97	893.97
1	Plumber’s assistant	8 x 8	64	10.49	671.36
1	Electrician	8 x 4	32	13.97	446.93
1	Electrician’s assistant	8 x 8	32	9.70	310.40
Total cost of labor					16,032.77

Month and year	52 m² Popular Wooden House in Rio Branco, Acre state		51.94 m² Conventional Masonry House in Amazonas state		Difference in %
Month and year	FUC ¹ 1 FUC = Final Unit Cost; /m²	R$	BUC ² 2 BUC = Basic Unit Cost. Source: Prepared by the author based on data disclosed by at the BUC website ( CBIC 2016 , 2019a ). /m²	R$	Difference in %
Sep 2015	917.21	47,694.92	1,291.51	67,081.03	28.98
Oct 2015	914.29	47,543.08	1,293.93	67,206.72	29.34
Nov 2015	918.83	47,779.16	1,296.86	67,358.91	29.15
Feb 2016	961.07	49,975.64	1,300.69	67,557.84	26.11
Mar 2016	950.88	49,445.76	1,302.23	67,637.83	26.98
Apr 2016	944.84	49,131.68	1,308.71	67,974.40	27.80
Mean	934.52	48,595.04	1,298.98	67,469.45	28.06

SINAPI Code		Type of material	Unit	Quantity	Physical coefficient	Mean Sep 2015 to Apr 2016		BUC ¹ 1 BUC = Basic Unit Cost. /m²
SINAPI Code		Type of material	Unit	Quantity	Physical coefficient	Unit cost (R$)	Total cost (Rs)	BUC ¹ 1 BUC = Basic Unit Cost. /m²
Materials						769.14	39,949.29	769.14
1345	Veneered plywood plank 2.44 × 1.22 m, 18 mm thick		m²	79.14	1.524	31.71	2,509.56	48.32
34	Steel ca-50, 10.0 mm, rebar		kg	949.23	18.276	4.77	4,527.83	87.17
14041	Conventional mixed concrete c10 resistance, with 1 and 2 gravel, slump = 80 mm +/–10 mm (NBR 8953) ( ABNT, 2015 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ABNT. NBR-8953: concreto para fins estruturais, classificação pela massa específica por grupos de resistência e consistência. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT; 2015. ).		m³	13.59	0.262	540.38	7,342.13	141.36
1379	Composite Portland cement CP II-32		kg	2,929.35	56.399	0.68	1,991.96	38.35
370	Medium sand		m³	8.97	0.173	39.98	358.48	6.90
7271	8-hole ceramic block 9 × 19 × 19 cm		unit	3,042.58	58.579	0.60	1,825.55	35.15
7207	Corrugated asbestos cement roof tile 6 mm thick, 2.44 × 1.10 m		m²	148.49	2.859	53.36	7,923.44	152.55
5020	Hollow-core wood door 60 × 210 × 3.5 cm		unit	5.86	0.113	175.39	1,028.22	19.80
11183	Steel swing window with stop and frame, 100 × 100 cm		unit	12.46	0.240	273.30	3,404.58	65.55
3093	Built-in door lock, Gorge type (large key) 55 mm		unit	6.05	0.116	58.21	352.11	6.78
1297	Glazed ceramic floor tile, PEI ≥ 3, up to 2025 cm²		m²	97.97	1.886	17.37	1,701.80	32.76
540	Cultured marble countertop with 1 washbowl, 200 × 60 cm		unit	0.37	0.007	376.20	137.95	2.66
4812	Ceiling plasterboard, 60 × 60 cm, 12 mm thick		m²	128.44	2.473	10.50	1,348.59	25,96
10492	4 mm colorless plain glass		m²	6.86	0.132	133.33	914.05	17.60
35691	White standard PVA latex paint		l	103.84	1.999	12.25	1,272.08	24.49
517	Anionic asphalt emulsion		kg	64.11	1.234	4.89	313.51	6.04
944	Rigid insulated wire, PVC 450/750 v, 4.0 mm²		m	809.71	15.589	1.56	1,263.14	24.32
2373	NEMA 3-pole circuit breaker 60-100 A		unit	4.38	0.084	72.16	316.26	6.09
10420	White porcelain toilet vase		unit	2.95	0.057	105.33	310.74	5.98
11752	Forged brass pressure water register, 1/2”		unit	9.65	0.186	11.77	113.52	2.19
20073	PVC tube, R series, dn 150 mm		m	27.17	0.523	36.58	993.80	19.13
Labor						466.85	24,248.41	466.85
4750	Mason		h	1,420.40	27.347	13.97	19,842.94	382.04
6111	Hod carrier		h	513.46	9.886	8.58	4,405.47	84.82
Administrative expenses						108.54	5,637.58	108.54
2706		Junior civil construction engineer	h	85.89	1.654	65.64	5,637.58	108.54
Equipment						0.43	22.50	0.43
10531		320 l concrete mixer, 3-phase electric motor, 3 HP, 1.54 h mechanical loading (leased)	hour/day	15.10	0.291	1.49	22.50	0.43
Total						1,344.97	69,857.79	1,344.97

Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Tel.: (21) 2682 0558 | (21) 3787-4033 - Seropédica - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: floram@ufrrj.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Maria de Fátima LimaServiço Florestal Brasileiro – SFB, SCEN Trecho 2, Lote 4 - L-4 Norte, Asa Norte, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil e-mail: fatima.lima@florestal.gov.br