Genetic Diversity of <i>Bertholletia excelsa</i> Bonpl.: A Native Species of the Amazon Rainforest

Carpejani, Adriano Aygnes; Pena, Guilherme Ferreira; Vieira, Felipe Sakamoto; Tiago, Poliana Vicente; Rossi, Ana Aparecida Bandini

doi:10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2018-0180

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 27 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2018-0180 copy

Genetic Diversity of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.: A Native Species of the Amazon Rainforest

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In view of the economic and environmental importance of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. for the Amazon and the reducing natural habitat area of this species, the present study proposes to examine genetic variability among accessions of Brazil nut from the Amazon rainforest. Seventeen native Brazil nut genotypes were sampled from Sinop-MT and the genomic DNA were amplified using 15 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The percent polymorphism and the polymorphism information content (PIC) of each primer were determined. The primers amplified 84.62% of the polymorphic bands and 15.38% of the monomorphic bands. The PIC for each primer ranged from 0 to 0.68. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) was the most efficient in group representation, as it showed the highest cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.92), the lowest stress (12.31%) and the lowest distortion (1.51%). The use of ISSR markers was an efficient tool in the study of genetic diversity among Brazil nut genotypes, and the genetic diversity found can be used for conservation and pre-breeding programs for this crop.

Keywords:
ISSR; brazil nut; conservation

Primer	Sequence (5’ - 3’)	TM (ºC) *
UBC 807	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG’T	47,0
UBC 808	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG’C	48,8
UBC 810	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGA’T	45,4
UBC 817	CACACACACACACACA’A	45,0
UBC 818	CACACACACACACACA’G	51,0
UBC 822	TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTC’A	47,0
UBC 825	ACACACACACACACAC’T	51,0
UBC 827	ACACACACACACACAC’G	53,0
UBC 834	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG’YT**	48,0
UBC 835	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG’YC**	50,2
UBC 840	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGA’YT**	47,0
UBC 842	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGA’YG**	48,0
UBC 844	CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCT’RC***	48,6
UBC 861	ACCACCACCACCACCACC	52,0
UBC 866	CTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC	50,0

Primer	NTF	NFP	%P	PIC
UBC 842	17	17	100.00	0.68
UBC 818	12	12	100.00	0.50
UBC 827	17	16	94.12	0.48
UBC 844	13	12	92.31	0.43
UBC 825	10	9	90.00	0.42
UBC 834	14	12	85.71	0.42
UBC 840	13	10	76.92	0.40
UBC 807	9	7	77.78	0.37
UBC 866	9	8	88.89	0.36
UBC 817	10	8	80.00	0.36
UBC 835	4	3	75.00	0.29
UBC 810	13	11	84.62	0.26
UBC 822	5	3	60.00	0.20
UBC 808	5	4	80.00	0.13
UBC 861	5	0	0.00	0.00
Total	156	132
Average	10.4	8.8	79.02	0.35

	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1	0.24	0.21	0.34	0.26	0.25	0.35	0.25	0.48	0.27	0.33	0.35	0.36	0.28	0.27	0.26	0.40
2		0.17	0.33	0.17	0.16	0.32	0.20	0.41	0.22	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.22	0.27	0.20	0.37
3			0.34	0.19	0.14	0.31	0.17	0.46	0.21	0.26	0.28	0.30	0.21	0.22	0.17	0.38
4				0.30	0.27	0.26	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.33	0.37	0.44	0.33	0.30	0.27	0.36
5					0.13	0.24	0.16	0.44	0.16	0.27	0.27	0.30	0.21	0.20	0.17	0.36
6						0.26	0.13	0.45	0.17	0.26	0.28	0.27	0.17	0.21	0.12	0.34
7							0.28	0.29	0.23	0.28	0.35	0.34	0.35	0.26	0.29	0.28
8								0.44	0.17	0.23	0.28	0.31	0.19	0.24	0.17	0.34
9									0.35	0.32	0.37	0.40	0.42	0.40	0.43	0.31
10										0.17	0.29	0.31	0.19	0.19	0.13	0.35
11											0.27	0.34	0.27	0.31	0.24	0.36
12												0.26	0.29	0.29	0.27	0.38
13													0.30	0.30	0.29	0.36
14														0.23	0.13	0.36
15															0.17	0.29
16																0.32
17

	WPGMA	WPGMC	WARD	LS	LC	UPGMC	UPGMA	LMDG
CCC	0.87**	0.84**	0.73**	0.90**	0.79**	0.85**	0.92**	0.89**
Stress (%)	15.57	34.75	-	23.38	37.66	21.12	12.31	29.28
Distortion (%)	- 0.19	34.43	-	35.99	- 69.81	27.60	1.51	44.69

Group	Genotype
I	6 16 5 10 8 3 14 2 15 1 11 7 12 13 4 17
II	9

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOGuilherme Ferreira Pena Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias, Av. Perimetral Rogério Silva, s/n, CEP 78217-900, Alta Floresta, MT, Brasil e-mail: penabio2@gmail.com