Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

Rodrigues, Carla Krulikowski; Lopes, Eduardo da Silva; Polizeli, Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri; Müller, Marcelo Marques Lopes

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.004516

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Original Article, Forest Management • Floresta Ambient. 25 (2) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.004516 copy

Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effect on Oxisol soil compaction of traffic by wood harvesting machines from different extraction distances carried out by a logging company located in Paraná State. The harvesting system was composed of a feller buncher, skidder and harvester, in which soil compaction was evaluated at four extraction distances and four depths by means of density, porosity and soil penetration resistance. Increased machine traffic resulted in the highest compaction in the soil surface layers on the extraction trail, with the highest intensity in the region near the edge of the stand and with values above the critical density limits. Soil penetration resistance was critical in the row of traffic over the stand with significant effects at a of 0.11 to 0.60 m, which is the recommended depth for soil preparation.

Keywords:
physical soil; forest machines; traffic intensity

Soil depth (m)	Distance classes (m)				Average	Value F	DMS	CV (%)
	0-50	51-100	101-150	151-200	Average
	Ds (Mg m^-3)
0-0.10	1.96 a (±0.13)	1.91 ab (±0.19)	1.74 b (±0.20)	1.82 ab (±0.13)	1.86	1.9^* * significant at 5%;	0.20	9.11
0.11-0.20	1.96 a (±0.02)	1.88 ab (±0.13)	1.74 c (±0.13)	1.77 bc (±0.10)	1.84	6.2^ significant at 1%.	0.12	5.47
0.21-0.40	1.94 a (±0.01)	1.85 ab (±0.10)	1.77 bc (±0.11)	1.69 c (±0.10)	1.81	7.9^ significant at 1%.	0.11	5.15
0.41-0.60	1.88 a (±0.03)	1.76 ab (±0.16)	1.73 b (±0.12)	1.64 b (±0.08)	1.75	4.9^* * significant at 5%;	0.13	6.25

Soil depth (m)	Distance classes (m)				Average	Value F	DMS	CV (%)
	0-50	51-100	101-150	151- 200	Average
	Pt (m³ m^-3)
0-0.10	0.265 b (±0.051)	0.284 ab (±0.072)	0.345 a (±0.075)	0.316 ab (±0.052)	0.303	1.9^* * significant at 5%;	0.08	20.99
0.11-0.20	0.264 b (±0.008)	0.310 a (±0.036)	0.347 a (±0.050)	0.337 a (±0.021)	0.314	7.5^ significant at 1%.	0.04	10.57
0.21-0.40	0.272 c (±0.002)	0.305 bc (±0.041)	0.335 ab (±0.041)	0.366 a (±0.039)	0.319	7.9^ significant at 1%.	0.04	10.97
0.41-0.60	0.295 b (±0.001)	0.341 ab (±0.065)	0.351 a (±0.045)	0.384 a (±0.029)	0.343	4.8^* * significant at 5%;	0.05	11.99

Soil depth (m)	Distance classes (m)				Average	Value F	DMS	CV (%)
	0-50	51-100	101-150	151-200	Average
	PR (MPa)
Traffic rows
0-0.10	1.969 a (±0.551)	1.934 a (±0.301)	1.878 a (±0.501)	1.679 a (±0.505)	1.865	0.8ns	0.41	25.43
0.11-0.20	2.271 a (±0.044)	2.285 a (±0.053)	2.187 b (±0.014)	2.132 c (±0.031)	2.212	41.7^ significant at 1%;	0.03	1.60
0.21-0.40	2.229 b (±0.0.60)	2.356 a (±0.012)	2.157 d (±0.013)	2.189 c (±0.036)	2.233	116.5^ significant at 1%;	0.02	1.62
0.41-0.60	2.418 b (±0.010)	2.484 a (±0.075)	2.198 c (±0.018)	2.050 d (±0.047)	2.287	323.7^ significant at 1%;	0.03	2.17
Between traffic rows
0-0.10	1.412 a (±0.366)	1.408 a (±0.148)	1.451 a (±0.367)	1.359 a (±0.345)	1.408	0.2ns	0.28	22.72
0.11-0.20	1.652 a (±0.028)	1.503 c (±0.006)	1.636 a (±0.016)	1.554 b (±0.015)	1.586	152.6^ significant at 1%;	0.02	1.13
0.21-0.40	1.630 a (±0.057)	1.493 c (±0.016)	1.650 a (±0.031)	1.515 b (±0.008)	1.572	110.0^ significant at 1%;	0.02	2.15
0.41-0.60	2.101 a (±0.116)	1.504 d (±0.026)	1.722 b (±0.025)	1.560 c (±0.016)	1.722	384.3^ significant at 1%;	0.04	3.57
Off the traffic rows
0-0.10	1.215 a (±0.349)	1.241 a (±0.120)	1.202 a (±0.238)	1.111 a (±0.094)	1.192	17.8^ significant at 1%;	0.19	18.82
0.11-0.20	1.483 a (±0.005)	1.291 c (±0.010)	1.307 b (±0.002)	1.170 d (±0.002)	1.313	17.9^ significant at 1%;	0.01	0.41
0.21-0.40	1.571 a (±0.044)	1.255 c (±0.040)	1.435 b (±0.161)	1.217 c (±0.047)	1.370	27.8^ significant at 1%;	0.06	6.50
0.41-0.60	1.595 b (±0.008)	1.390 c (±0.066)	1.634 a (±0.018)	1.370 c (±0.047)	1.497	64.3^ significant at 1%;	0.03	2.79

Distance class (m)	Model	C₀	C₀+C₁	A (m)	R²	SPI	DSD
0-50	Sph	0.0268874	0.1445004	1.8	0.001	0.814	Strong
51-100	Sph	0.0305255	0.193746	2.0	0.004	0.842	Strong
101-150	Exp	0.0333688	0.197861	2.1	0.005	0.831	Strong
151-200	Sph	0.0394000	0.181800	2.6	0.058	0.783	Strong

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[1] *Carla Krulikowski RodriguesPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – UNICENTRO, PR 153, Km 07, Riozinho, CP 21, CEP 84500-000, Irati, PR, Brazil e-mail: carlakr@gmail.com