Litterfall Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in an Experimental Plantation of Peach Palm (<i>Bactris gasipaes</i> Kunth)

Ribeiro, Júlio César; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Gadioli, João Luiz; Almeida, Júlio Cesar Raposo de

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.021018

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 27 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.021018 copy

Litterfall Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in an Experimental Plantation of Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate litterfall and nutrient dynamics in an experimental plantation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. Litterfall was collected monthly between March 2010 and May 2011, and the plant material was separated into leaflets and rachises. During the 15-month study period, the plantation produced 9.2 Mg ha⁻¹ of litter (4.8 Mg ha⁻¹ of leaflets and 4.4 Mg ha⁻¹ of rachises). Seasonal variations were observed in litter production and nutrient concentration. Litter deposition was the highest at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of the rainy season, that is, in months with low rainfall and lower minimum temperatures. Macronutrient return to the soil was estimated at 141.5 kg N ha⁻¹, 24.8 kg P ha⁻¹, 78.2 kg K ha⁻¹, 55.1 kg Ca ha⁻¹, and 37.8 kg Mg ha⁻¹.

Keywords:
palm plantation; plant nutrition; macronutrient content; seasonal effect

Rainfall (mm)	Minimum temperature (°C)	Average temperature (°C)	Maximum temperature (°C)
−0.34*	−0.34*	−0.14ns	−0.02ns

Sampling date	N (g kg⁻¹)		P (g kg⁻¹)		K (g kg⁻¹)
Sampling date	Leaflet	Rachis	Leaflet	Rachis	Leaflet	Rachis
March 2010	13.31 Aa	8.40 Ab	1.64 ABCa	1.27 BCDb	2.59 CDb	5.05 BCDEa
April 2010	16.11 Aa	7.00 ABb	1.74 ABCa	1.55 BCDb	3.92 BCDb	13.58 Aa
May 2010	12.96 Aa	4.20 ABb	1.81 ABb	2.16 ABa	9.69 Aa	7.80 BCb
June 2010	12.04 Aa	0.00 Bb	1.45 ABCDa	0.00 Eb	5.41 ABCDa	0.00 Eb
July 2010	15.06 Aa	4.55 ABb	1.91 Ab	2.71 Aa	7.04 ABCb	9.98 ABa
August 2010	13.66 Aa	4.90 ABb	1.82 ABb	2.74 Aa	8.27 ABa	7.33 BCb
September 2010	11.73 Aa	4.55 ABb	1.36 ABCDb	2.04 ABCa	3.53 BCDb	6.75 BCDa
October 2010	14.01 Aa	4.37 ABb	1.77 ABCb	2.07 ABCa	4.06 BCDb	6.15 BCDa
November 2010	11.91 Aa	7.35 ABb	1.71 ABCa	1.45 BCDb	3.91 BCDb	6.14 BCDa
December 2010	12.43 Aa	4.02 ABb	1.20 ABCDa	1.49 BCDb	2.07 CDb	5.05 BCDEa
January 2011	14.88 Aa	4.72 ABb	1.30 ABCDa	1.36 BCDa	2.59 CDb	6.95 BCDa
February 2011	13.15 Aa	7.81 ABb	0.87 BCDa	0.60 DEb	1.12 Da	0.28 Eb
March 2011	12.95 Aa	3.70 ABb	0.98 ABCDb	1.31 BCDa	1.70 CDb	3.64 CDEa
April 2011	11.55 Aa	4.60 ABb	0.61 Db	1.14 CDa	0.70 Db	5.96 BCDa
May 2011	11.25Aa	5.95 ABb	0.77 CDb	0.98 DEa	1.22 Db	1.64 DEa
Mean	13.13 a	5.08 b	1.40 b	1.52 a	3.86 b	5.75 a
Standard deviation	1.41	2.06	0.43	0.74	2.70	3.53
Sampling date	Ca (g kg ⁻¹ )		Mg (g kg ⁻¹ )
Sampling date	Leaflet	Rachis	Leaflet	Rachis
March 2010	4.45 Aa	2.66 ABb	2.28 CDb	2.35 Aa
April 2010	5.31 Aa	1.67 ABb	3.67 ABa	1.66 Ab
May 2010	5.31 Aa	1.67 ABb	3.32 ABCa	1.48 Ab
June 2010	4.97 Aa	0.00 Bb	3.14 ABCDa	0.00 Bb
July 2010	5.44 Aa	2.00 ABb	3.66 ABa	1.74 Ab
August 2010	4.98 Aa	1.00 ABb	3.89 Aa	1.65 Ab
September 2010	4.29 Aa	1.80 ABb	2.82 ABCDa	1.88 Ab
October 2010	5.08 Aa	2.03 ABb	3.51 ABCa	1.78 Ab
November 2010	4.31 Aa	2.72 ABb	2.37 BCDa	1.98 Ab
December 2010	4.21 Aa	2.60 ABb	1.96 Db	2.22 Aa
January 2011	4.11 Aa	1.83 ABb	1.97 Da	1.41 Ab
February 2011	5.86 Aa	3.34 Ab	2.58 ABCDa	2.01 Ab
March 2011	5.40 Aa	1.82 ABb	2.99 ABCDa	1.43 Ab
April 2011	4.66 Aa	2.47 ABb	1.92 Db	2.11 Aa
May 2011	4.46 Aa	2.53 ABb	2.87 ABCDa	2.22 Ab
Mean	4.86 a	2.01 b	2.86 a	1.73 b
Standard deviation	0.54	0.80	0.67	0.56

Sampling date	N (kg ha⁻¹)		P (kg ha⁻¹)		K (kg ha⁻¹)		Ca (kg ha⁻¹)		Mg (kg ha⁻¹)
March 2010	1.21	B	0.16	B	0.44	B	0.40	B	0.26	B
April 2010	4.58	B	0.58	B	2.34	AB	1.44	B	1.05	B
May 2010	7.13	AB	1.90	AB	8.02	AB	2.89	AB	2.06	AB
June 2010	0.73	B	0.09	B	0.33	B	0.30	B	0.19	B
July 2010	7.40	AB	1.47	AB	5.43	AB	2.76	AB	1.96	AB
August 2010	12.27	AB	2.02	AB	8.24	AB	4.33	AB	3.54	AB
September 2010	12.86	AB	2.65	AB	8.56	AB	4.73	AB	3.63	AB
October 2010	39.35	A	8.71	A	25.93	A	14.87	A	11.46	A
November 2010	10.11	AB	1.98	AB	7.85	AB	3.67	AB	2.42	AB
December 2010	6.95	AB	1.06	B	2.74	AB	2.67	AB	1.50	B
January 2011	4.13	B	0.92	B	2.87	AB	1.57	B	1.01	B
February 2011	13.10	AB	1.00	B	1.15	B	5.95	AB	2.93	AB
March 2011	9.33	AB	1.14	AB	2.11	AB	4.08	AB	2.48	AB
April 2011	2.99	B	0.27	B	0.41	B	1.24	B	0.75	B
May 2011	9.33	AB	0.81	B	1.75	AB	4.17	AB	2.52	AB
Mean	9.43		1.65		5.21		3.67		2.52
Standard deviation	9.18		2.09		6.50		3.51		2.70
Total	141.46		24.76		78.17		55.07		37.77

Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Tel.: (21) 2682 0558 | (21) 3787-4033 - Seropédica - RJ - Brazil
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[1] Correspondence to Marcos Gervasio Pereira Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, km 7, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil e-mail: mgervasiopereira01@gmail.com