Adhesion quality of quaruba cedar wood glued joints under internal and external service conditions

Tienne, Delanie Lima da Costa; Nascimento, Alexandre Miguel do; Garcia, Rosilei A.; Silva, Daniel Borges

Delanie Lima da Costa Tienne

Departamento de Produtos Florestas (DPF)/ Instituto de Florestas (IF)/ UFRRJ - Estudante de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais,

Alexandre Miguel do Nascimento

Professor

Rosilei A. Garcia

Professora

Daniel Borges Silva

Estudante de Graduação do Curso de Engenharia Florestal

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Figure 1
Dimension samples for shear strength measurement of quaruba cedar wood glued joints, according to ASTM D 905.1994AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. ASTM D 905. Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading. 1994. p. 20-26. standard.

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Figure 2
(A) Interaction between adhesive type and curing temperature for tensile strength property. (B) Interaction between adhesive type and methanol content. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05% probability level. Capital letters: comparison between means of the same adhesive and different curing temperatures and methanol contents for (A) and (B), respectively. Lower case letters: comparison between means of the same curing temperature and methanol content for (A) and (B) at different adhesive types, respectively.

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Figure 3
Interaction between adhesive type, curing temperature and methanol content for shear strength before weathering simulated conditions. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05% probability level. Capital letters: comparison between means of the same adhesive and methanol content, and different curing temperatures. Lower case letters: comparison between means of the same curing temperature and methanol content, and different adhesives. Superscript capital letters: comparison between means of the same adhesive and curing temperature, and different methanol contents.

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Figure 4
(A), (B) and (C) Interactions between adhesive type and curing temperature; adhesive type and methanol content; and curing temperature and methanol content, respectively, for shear strength after exposure to weathering simulated conditions. Means with the same letter are significantly different at 0.05% probability level. Capital letters: comparison between means of the different curves. Lower case letters: comparison between means of the same curve.

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Figure 5
Average quaruba cedar wood failure percentage for shear strength before and after exposure to weathering simulated conditions for (A) and (B), respectively. * Did not reach the requirements of the ASTM D 3110.1994AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. ASTM D 3110. Standard Specification for Adhesives Used in Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products. 1994. p. 184-192. standard.

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Figure 6
Variation of shear strength before and after exposure to weathering simulated conditions for quaruba cedar wood glued joints.

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Table 1
Procedure used to simulate the weathering conditions for the quaruba cedar wood glued joints.

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Table 2
Results of the analysis of variance (F values) for tensile and shear strengths of quaruba cedar wood glued joints.

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Table 3
Results obtained for tensile strength average values of quaruba cedar wood glued joints and solid wood.

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Table 4
Strength qualitative analysis of quaruba cedar wood glued joints for tensile strength test.

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Table 5
Results obtained for shear strength average values before and after exposure to weathering simulated conditions of quaruba cedar wood glued joints and solid wood.

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Exposure	Period (hours)	Temperature (^oC)	Relative Humidity (%)
Exterior	48	60 ± 3	Inferior to 30
	48	38.5 ± 2	85 to 90
	48	23 ± 1	Water immersion
	8	-18 ± 2	About 100
	64	38.5 ± 2	85 to 90

Source of variation	TS	D_{12% TS}	SS	D_{12% SS}	SS_weathering
T X Solid Wood	-	7.44^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	3.82^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-
Adhesive	4.10^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level.	-	1.64^NS NS Not significant.	-	3.01^NS NS Not significant.
Temperature	4.67^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level.	-	58.25^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	147.71^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.
Methanol	7.71^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level.	-	1.16^NS NS Not significant.	-	0.20^NS NS Not significant.
Adhesive^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level. Temperature	10.52^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	6.83^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	17.90^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.
Adhesive^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level. Methanol	5.01^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	7.07^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	11.90^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.
Temperature^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level. Methanol	2.43^NS NS Not significant.	-	1.49^NS NS Not significant.	-	21.40^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.
Adhesive^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level. Temperature^* * Significant at 0.05 probability level. Methanol	0.33^NS NS Not significant.	-	7.04^ Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.	-	2.37^NS NS Not significant.

Adhesive	Curing Temperature (˚C)	Methanol Content (%)	TS (MPa)	D_12% (g cm^-3)	TS/ D_12% (MPa cm³ g^-1)
	25	0	3.4	0.56	6.0
Resorcinol	25	10	3.3	0.60	5.5
	60	0	2.2	0.58
		0	2.2	0.58	3.7
		10	2.4	0.57	4.2
	25	0	3.0	0.56	5.3
Resorcinol-Tannin (90:10)	25	10	2.5	0.56	4.4
Resorcinol-Tannin (90:10)	60	0	2.0	0.54	3.8
	60	10	1.9	0.58	3.3
	25	0	2.7	0.56	4.9
Resorcinol-Tannin (80:20)	25	10	1.1	0.62	1.8
Resorcinol-Tannin (80:20)	60	0	3.0	0.63	4.7
	60	10	2.3	0.56	4.0
Means			2.5	0.58	4.3
Solid Wood			3.8	0.63	6.1

Adhesive	Curing Temperature (˚C)	Failure Type	Methanol Content (%)
			0			10
			Strength
			L	R	H	%	L	R	H	%
		Adhesive	0	0	0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0
	25	Wood	0	4	8	100.0	3	5	2	83.3
Resorcinol		Interface^*	0	0	0	0.0	0	0	2	16.7
Resorcinol		Adhesive	1	0	0	10.0	0	0	0	0.0
	60	Wood	2	1	3	60.0	6	3	0	75.0
		Interface	3	0	0	30.0	3	0	0	25.0
		Adhesive	0	0	0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0
	25	Wood	3	6	1	83.3	8	3	0	91.7
Resorcinol-		Interface	0	1	1	16.7	0	1	0	8.3
Tannin(90:10)		Adhesive	1	0	2	27.3	1	0	0	8.3
	60	Wood	5	0	0	45.5	6	2	0	66.7
		Interface	3	0	0	27.3	3	0	0	25.0
		Adhesive	2	0	1	27.3	8	0	0	80.0
	25	Wood	2	2	3	63.6	1	0	0	10.0
Resorcinol-		Interface	0	0	1	9.1	1	0	0	10.0
Tannin(80:20)		Adhesive	2	0	0	16.7	0	0	0	0.0
	60	Wood	2	1	4	58.3	11	1	0	100.0
		Interface	3	0	0	25.0	0	0	0	0.0

Shear Strength Before Exposure to Weathering Simulated Conditions
Adhesive	Curing Temperature (˚C)	Methanol Content (%)	SS (MPa)	MC (%)	D_12% (g cm^-3)	D_0% (g cm^-3)	SS/D_12% (MPa cm³ g^-1)
	25	0	10.6	13.0	0.58	0.56	18.2^*
Resorcinol	25	10	10.6	13.1	0.58	0.55	18.3^*
Resorcinol	60	0	6.9	10.6	0.58	0.57	11.9
	60	10	8.4	10.6	0.57	0.55	14.7
	25	0	10.6	12.6	0.61	0.58	17.4^*
Resorcinol-	25	10	9.4	13.0	0.60	0.57	15.6
Tannin (90:10)	60	0	8.7	10.0	0.55	0.56	15.8
	60	10	9.7	10.2	0.56	0.54	17.3^*
	25	0	10.6	12.9	0.60	0.57	17.7^*
Resorcinol-	25	10	10.2	13.0	0.60	0.57	17.0^*
Tannin (80:20)	60	0	9.9	10.4	0.58	0.58	17.0^*
	60	10	7.5	11.9	0.54	0.53	13.9
Means			9.4	11.8	0.58	0.56	16.3
Solid Wood			11.0	12.0	0.65	-	17.0
	Shear Strength After Exposure to Weathering Simulated Conditions
Adhesive	Curing Temperature (˚C)	Methanol Content (%)	SS_weathering (MPa)	MC_weathering(%)		D_{12% weathering} (g cm^-3)	D_{0% weathering} (g cm^-3)
	25	0	10.8		10.0	0.58	0.56
Resorcinol	25	10	11.1		10.3	0.57	0.55
Resorcinol	60	0	5.4		10.2	0.58	0.56
	60	10	7.6		10.4	0.57	0.54
	25	0	10.9		10.1	0.57	0.56
Resorcinol-	25	10	9.1		10.3	0.58	0.56
Tannin (90:10)	60	0	7.6		10.1	0.58	0.56
	60	10	8.9		10.1	0.55	0.53
	25	0	11.0		10.2	0.56	0.55
Resorcinol-	25	10	9.3		10.1	0.59	0.57
Tannin (80:20)	60	0	9.0		10.1	0.57	0.54
	60	10	8.1		10.4	0.54	0.54
Means			9.1		10.2	0.57	0.55

[TFN1] ^*
Significant at 0.05 probability level.

[TFN2] ^**
Sgnificant at 0.01 probability level.

[TFN3] ^NS
Not significant.

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Adhesion quality of quaruba cedar wood glued joints under internal and external service conditions

Abstract