Benthic Macroinvertebrates Associated with Riparian Habitat Structural Diversity in an Eastern Amazon Stream Urbanization Gradient

Santiago, Luna; Beasley, Colin Robert

doi:10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2022-0092

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 30 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2022-0092 copy

Benthic Macroinvertebrates Associated with Riparian Habitat Structural Diversity in an Eastern Amazon Stream Urbanization Gradient

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Rich freshwater biodiversity is threatened by increasing deforestation and disorderly urbanization throughout the Brazilian Amazon, especially in streams and creeks, leading to loss of aquatic habitats. Biological information combined with habitat and water quality are effective tools for rapid assessment. The impact of increasing urbanization was assessed in the Cereja River, eastern Amazonia using a Riparian Habitat Diversity Index (RHDI), benthic macroinvertebrate structure and water and sediment variables in ten areas along the Cereja using multivariate analyzes. Increasing urbanization is associated with lower RHDI, abundance, diversity and equity of benthic macroinvertebrates, higher conductivity, pH, temperature, width and percentage gravel. This information is useful for rapid identification of impacts, assessment of recovery of degraded areas and maintenance of non-degraded areas along urban streams.

Keywords:
River; impact; watercourse; forest; benthos

		Areas and Class										Total per Class
Taxa		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	1-5	6-8	9-10
Taxa		N	N	N	N	N	A	A	A	I	I	N	A	I
Nematoda		0	2	4	0	2	9	0	3	0	0	8	12	0
Oligochaeta		28	2	9	2	42	8	101	119	154	61	83	228	215
Hirudinea		0	0	0	0	4	1	3	15	61	42	4	19	103
Gastropoda	Planorbidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
	Thiaridae	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	896	331	263	0	1091	594
Acari		0	6	6	1	8	8	3	1	0	1	21	12	1
Ostracoda		0	3	0	0	3	66	13	72	1	2	6	151	3
Cladocera		1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Decapoda	Palaemonidae	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Isopoda		0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Collembola		0	1	1	0	0	1	3	5	0	5	2	9	5
Ephemeroptera	Baetidae	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Caenidae	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Leptohyphidae	0	1	0	0	13	2	0	0	0	0	14	2	0
	Leptophlebiidae	1	3	1	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	9	0	0
Odonata	Aeshnidae	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0
	Gomphidae	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0
Hemiptera	Belostomatidae	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Gelastocoridae	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Gerridae	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Mesoveliidae	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Coleoptera	Elmidae	11	0	9	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	23	0	0
	Heteroceridae	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Staphylinidae	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Trichoptera	Glossosomatidae	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Hydroptilidae	3	22	56	114	259	3	0	0	0	0	454	3	0
	Hydropsychidae	5	1	30	1	2	6	0	0	0	0	39	6	0
	Leptoceridae	0	2	0	26	9	0	0	0	0	0	37	0	0
	Limnephilidae	0	0	2	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	12	0	0
	Odontoceridae	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0
	Polycentropodidae	0	8	2	0	40	3	0	0	0	0	50	3	0
Diptera	Ceratopogonidae	9	92	82	7	44	8	0	2	0	1	234	10	1
	Chaoboridae	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	Chironomidae	554	599	222	62	938	545	140	114	29	109	2375	799	138
	Empididae	0	0	6	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	8	3	0
	Psychodidae	1	0	0	1	0	1	3	3	0	2	2	7	2
	Simulidae	0	1	0	1	7	0	0	0	0	0	9	0	0
	Tipulidae	4	5	7	6	0	2	0	0	0	3	22	2	3

Environmental variables	R²	P
Conductivity (µs/cm)	0.75	0.001
pH	0.65	0.001
Temperature (˚C)	0.34	0.001
Turbidity (FAU)	0.21	0.001
Width (m)	0.20	0.001
Gravel (%)	0.11	0.001
Coarse sand (%)	0.08	0.017
Depth (m)	0.07	0.022
Medium sand (%)	0.06	0.036

Source of variation	df	SS	MS	pseudo-F	R²	P	Source of variation	df	SS	MS	pseudo-F	R²	P
Area	9	14.95	1.661	15.17	0.562	0.001	Class	2	8.21	4.10	25.24	0.308	0.001
Plot	3	0.21	0.069	0.63	0.008	0.833	Plot	3	0.21	0.07	0.43	0.008	0.981
Area:Plot	27	2.69	0.100	0.91	0.101	0.717	Class:Plot	6	0.63	0.11	0.65	0.024	0.925
Residuals	80	8.76	0.109		0.329		Residuals	108	17.55	0.16		0.660
Total	119	26.60			1.000		Total	119	26.60			1.000

Source of variation	df	SS	MS	pseudo-F	R²	P	Source of variation	df	SS	MS	pseudo-F	R²	P
Area	9	193798	21533	22.84	0.653	0.001	Class	2	158639	79319	66.80	0.535	0.001
Plot	3	2917	972	1.03	0.010	0.404	Plot	3	2914	972	0.8	0.010	0.540
Area:Plot	27	24417	904	0.96	0.082	0.542	Class:Plot	6	6847	1141	1.0	0.023	0.464
Residuals	80	75426	943		0.254		Residuals	108	128155	1187		0.432
Total	119	296559			1.000		Total	119	296559			1.000

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