Diameter Structure and Spatial Arrangement of the Most Abundant Species in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest Fragment in Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil

Jorge, Luiz Alberto Blanco; Millani, Thais Maria; Fonseca, Renata Cristina Batista; Arruda, Aparecido Agostinho

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.027713

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Artigos Originais • Floresta Ambient. 22 (3) • Jul-Sep 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.027713 copy

Diameter Structure and Spatial Arrangement of the Most Abundant Species in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest Fragment in Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the diameter distribution and spatial arrangement of the most abundant species in one of the five forest fragments occurring on Edgardia Experimental Farm (1,200 ha) in Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil (between latitudes 22°47'30''S and 22°50''S and longitudes 48°26'15''W and 48°22'30''W). The fragment area is 56 ha large. We sampled 185 contiguous plots of 100 m² (1.85 ha), accessing the floristic composition and horizontal structure of the vegetation in the center of the fragment. Among the ten species with the highest importance values, seven presented abundance values which allowed studies on diameter distribution and spatial arrangement. The sum of the importance value indexes (IVI) obtained for the most abundant species (185.98) showed that they presented significant weight in the vegetation structure, indicating its regeneration. After adjusting the diameter distributions of the seven species, six showed an inverted J curve of their distribution pattern, reflecting continuous regeneration of plants of such species. Four of these distributions were distinguished as type I, or balanced distribution. These patterns of diameter distributions indicated attenuation of anthropogenic disturbances. There was a direct relationship between spatial arrangement and dispersal syndrome for Trichilia clausseni and Metrodorea nigra and, depending on the scales analyzed, for T. catigua and T. casaretti.

Keywords:
communities; diameter distribution; spatial statistics; structure; forests; floristic; pattern

Tipo	Progressão geométrica	Modelo exponencial	Modelo linearizado
I	Uniforme	1. $N_{i} = a e^{b d_{i}}$	1. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} d_{i}$
II	Crescente	2. $N_{i} = a e^{b d_{i}^{2}}$	2. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} d_{i}^{2}$
III	Decrescente	3. $N_{i} = a e^{b d_{i}^{1 / 2}}$	3. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} d_{i}^{1 / 2}$

Modelo	Modelo linearizado
1. $N_{i} = a d_{i}^{b} e^{c d_{i}}$	1. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} \ln d_{i} + b_{2} d_{i}$
2. $N_{i} = a d_{i}^{b} e^{c d_{i}^{2}}$	2. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} \ln d_{i} + b_{2} d_{i}^{2}$
3. $N_{i} = a d_{i}^{b} e^{c d_{i}^{1 / 2}}$	3. $\ln N_{i} = b_{0} + b_{1} \ln d_{i} + b_{2} d_{i}^{1 / 2}$

Família	Nome científico	Nome vulgar
Anacardiaceae	Astronium graveolens Jacq.	Guaritá
Annonaceae	Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil.	Araticum-da-mata
Apocynaceae	Actinostemon concepcionis (Chodat e Hass l.) Hochr.	Guatambu-vermelho
	Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Müll. Arg.	Peroba-poca
	Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg.	Peroba-rosa
	Aspidosperma ramiflorum Müll. Arg.	Guatambu-amarelo
	Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.	Guatambu-vermelho
Arecaceae	Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.	Palmito amargo
	Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman	Jerivá
Boraginaceae	Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling e J. S. Mill.	guajuvira
	Cordia ecalyculata Vell.	Café-de-bugre
	Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud.	Louro-pardo
Cactaceae	Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum.	Mandacaru
Cannabaceae	Celtis fluminensis Carauta	Grão-de-galo
	Trema micranta (L.) Blume	Grandiúva
Caricaceae	Jacaratia spinosa (Aubl.) A. DC.	Mamãozinho-do-mato
Celastraceae	Maytenus aquifolia Mart.	Espinheira-santa
Euphorbiaceae	Actinostemon klotzschii (Didr.) Pax	Falsa-guajuvira
Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae	Cassia ferrugínea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC.	Chuva-de-ouro
	Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.	Copaíba
	Holocalyx balansae Micheli	Alecrim-de-campinas
Fabaceae – Faboideae	Centrolobium tomentosum Guill. ex Benth.	Araribá
	Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton	Canudo-de-pito
	Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl.	Embira-de-sapo
	Machaerium brasiliense Vogel	Jacarandá
	Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth.	Jacanradá-bico-de-pato
	Machaerium scleroxylon Tul.	Caviúna
	Machaerium stipitatum Vogel	Sapuva
	Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.	Cabreúva-vermelha
	Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl	Aldrago
Fabaceae – Mimosoideae	Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan	Angico-branco
	Calliandra foliolosa Benth.	Topete-de-cardeal
	Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong	Tamboril
	Parapiptadenia rígida (Benth.) Brenan	Angico-vermelho
	Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose	Monjoleiro
Lecythidaceae	Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze	Jequitibá-branco
Malvaceae	Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna	Paineira
	Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.	Mutamba
	Bastardiopsis densiflora (Hook. e Arn.) Hassl.	Pau-jangada-brava
Meliaceae	Trichilia casaretti C. DC.	Baga-de-morcego
	Trichilia catigua A. Juss.	Catiguá, catuaba
	Trichilia claussenii C. DC.	Catiguá vermelho
	Trichilia elegans A. Juss.	Pau-ervilha
Myrtaceae	Calycorectes acutatus (Miq.) Toledo	Araçá-da-serra
	Calyptranthes concinna DC.	Guamirim-facho
	Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg	Sete-capotes
	Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg	Gabiroba árvore
	Eugenia blasthanta (O. Berg) D. Legrand	Grumixama miúda
	Eugenia glazioviana Kiaersk	Guamirim
	Eugenia uniflora L.	Pitanga
	Eugenia myrcianthes Nied.	Laranjinha-do-mato
	Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D.Legrand	Guabirobaçu
	Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O. Berg	Murtinha do campo
	Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.	Cambuí
Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	Maria-mole
Phyllanthaceae	Savia dictyocarpa Müll. Arg.	Guaraiúva
Phytolaccaceae	Gallesia integrifólia (Spreng.) Harms	Pau-d’alho
Picramniaceae	Picramnia ramiflora Planch.	Picrâmnia, camboitá
Rhamnaceae	Colubrina glandulosa Perkins	Saguaraji vermelho
	Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek	Saguaraji amarelo
Rosaceae	Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb.	Pessegueiro-bravo
Rubiaceae	Ixora gardneriana Benth.	Ixora
Rutaceae	Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.	Pau-marfim
	Esenbeckia febrífuga (A. St.-Hil.) A. Juss. ex Mart.	Canela-de-cutia falsa
	Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart.	Canela-de-cutia verdadeira
	Metrodorea nigra A. St.-Hil.	Carrapateira
Salicaceae	Casearia gossypiosperma Briq.	Pau-de-espeto
	Casearia sylvestris Sw.	Guaçatonga, largarteira
Sapindaceae	Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl.	Chal-chal
	Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk.	Maria-preta
Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. e Eichler ex Miq.) Engl.	Guatambu-de-leite
Solanaceae	Solanum argenteum Dunal	Folha-de-prata
	Solanum pseudoquina A. St.-Hil.	Joá-árvore
Urticaceae	Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd.	Urtigão
Verbenaceae	Aloysia virgata (Ruiz e Pav.) Juss.	Lixeira

Distribuição	Modelo	a	b	syx	n. de iterações	IA (%)
Comunidade	1	4423,2444238^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,1329894^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	25,880	6	99,67
	2	2055,4700000^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0050529^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	47,560	8	98,88
	3	25611,8932640^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,9891210^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	9,441	4	99,96
Trichilia claussenii	1	632,7941226^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,1238066^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	5,809	6	99,65
	2	339,4755625^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0051207^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	6,596	4	99,55
	3	2645,7229505^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,8702356^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	12,890	11	98,27
Aspidosperma polyneuron	1	159,0425452^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0576243^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	3,987	2	98,82
	2	105,1417982^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0015382^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	7,863	10	95,40
	3	400,6194938^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,4843399^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	5,853	6	97,45
Gallesia integrifolia	1	22,2999353^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0212393^ p ≤ 0,01.	1,816	4	91,04
	2	16,4727252^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0002591^ p ≤ 0,01.	2,187	5	87,00
	3	40,2317634^ p ≤ 0,01.	-0,2388776^ p ≤ 0,01.	2,003	6	89,10
Holocalyx balansae	1	104,0755984^* * p ≤ 0,05.	-0,1552170^ p ≤ 0,01.	2,677	7	96,37
	2	48,5143088^ p ≤ 0,01.	-0,0071619^* * p ≤ 0,05.	3,517	14	93,83
	3	622,3602290.	-1,0758800^ p ≤ 0,01.	2,287	4	97,20
Metrodorea nigra	1	132,7289296^* * p ≤ 0,05.	-0,2327810^* * p ≤ 0,05.	4,269	8	93,30
	2	55,6382739^ p ≤ 0,01.	-0,0138865^ p ≤ 0,01.	3,173	8	96,30
	3	881,2126710	-1,3516880^* * p ≤ 0,05.	4,927	10	91,07
Trichilia catigua	1	946,7068707^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,2104805^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	6,391	4	99,61
	2	378,3017510^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	-0,0108511^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	12,220	7	98,63
	3	7401,8643620^ p ≤ 0,01.	-1,3411710^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	6,365	9	99,60

Distribuição	Modelo	b₀	b₁	b₂	syx	R²_ajust	IA (%)
Trichilia casaretti	1	-4,437500^* * p ≤ 0,05.	8,03550^ p ≤ 0,01.	-1,071200^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	0,1856	0,9807	92,30
	2	-0,973227	3,00101^ p ≤ 0,01.	-0,025954^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	0,1729	0,9833	90,24
	3	3,700000^ p ≤ 0,01.	18,17270^ p ≤ 0,01.	-13,344000^* ***** p ≤ 0,001.	0,2081	0,9757	92,55

Espécie	DE	SD	GE
Trichilia claussenii	Agregado	Zoocórica	Secundária tardia
Aspidosperma polyneuron	Agregado	Anemocórica	Secundária tardia
Gallesia integrifolia	Agregado	Anemocórica	Secundária tardia
Holocalyx balansae	Aleatório	Zoocórica	Secundária tardia
Metrodorea nigra	Agregado	Autocórica	Secundária tardia
Trichilia catigua	Aleatório/Agregado	Zoocórica	Secundária tardia
Trichilia casaretti	Aleatório/Agregado	Zoocórica	Secundária tardia

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[1] *Luiz Alberto Blanco JorgeFaculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil e-mail: blanco@fca.unesp.br