Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do primeiro desbaste sobre a morfometria de um plantio de Tectona grandis L.f. (teca). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições sendo: T1 = testemunha (sem desbaste), T2, T3 e T4 = remoção da área basal de 20%, 30% e 40% respectivamente. As variáveis morfométricas avaliadas foram: proporção de copa (PC), índice de abrangência (IA), grau de esbeltez (GE), índice de saliência (IS), formal de copa (FC) e comprimento de copa (CC). A aplicação de desbastes em teca influenciou significativamente em todas as variáveis morfométricas avaliadas, com exceção de proporção de copa (PC) e índice de saliência (IS). As intensidades de desbastes (20%, 30% e 40%) não apresentaram diferença significativa para as variáveis: altura comercial do fuste (HF), comprimento de copa (CC), diâmetro de copa (DC), proporção de copa (PC) e forma de copa (FC) da Tectona grandis até o quarto ano pós-desbaste.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of first thinning on the morphometry of trees in a forest plantation of Tectona grandis Lf (teak). The experimental design used was randomized block with four treatments and three replications were: T1 = control treatment (no thinning), T2, T3 end T4 with the removal of basal area the 20, 30 and 40% respectively. The evaluated morphometric variables were: crown proportion (PC), coverage index (AI), slenderness degree (GE), salience index (IS), crown form (FC) and crown length (CC). The application of thinning in teak, significantly influenced in all morphometric variables analyzed, except for the proportion of room (PC) and the projection index (SI). The thinning intensities (20%, 30% and 40%) presented no significant differences for variables: commercial bole height (HF), crown length (CL), crown diameter (DC), crown proportion (PC) and crown form (FC) of teak to the fourth post-thinning year.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of log steaming on the physical properties of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden wood. Logs with diameters between 20 and 25 cm and length of 2.9 m were studied. Half the logs were maintained in their original condition, and the other half were steamed at 90 °C for 20 hours. Later, the logs were sawn into flat boards, and samples were removed to determine the physical properties of the wood. The results showed that log steaming caused a significant decreases of: (1) 6.38% and 7.98% in the respective basic and oven dried density; and (2) 7.20%, 7.80%, 5.13%, and 8.56% in the volumetric, tangential, radial, and axial linear swelling of wood.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO A capacidade que determinadas espécies têm de manter as sementes viáveis por longos períodos no banco de sementes é essencial para a resiliência ambiental, o que é utilizado na restauração florestal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de banco de sementes induzido de P. dubium. A indução do banco de sementes foi feita em fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecídual. Foram utilizadas 100 amostras de copos de polietileno, compostas por 25 sementes cada. A cada dois meses, 5 amostras foram retiradas para determinação de: conteúdo de água, viabilidade, porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e porcentagem de predação. As sementes da espécie P. dubium podem permanecer por até 16 meses viáveis enterradas no solo. Esse resultado permite a classificação da espécie como formadora de banco de sementes persistente. A predação de sementes foi o principal fator para que ocorresse a redução do banco de sementes do solo.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The ability of certain species in keeping the seeds viable for long periods in the soil seed bank is essential for environmental resilience, which is used in forest restoration. This work aimed to study the behavior of a buried seed bank of P. dubium. Burial seed bank was performed in a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. One hundred samples consisting of 25 seeds in polyethylene cups were placed under the canopy. Every two months, five samples were taken for determination of water content, viability, emergency (root protrusion and seedling formation) and predation. Seeds of P. dubium may remain buried in the ground for up to 16 months keeping their viability. This result indicates that P. dubium is able to form persistent soil seed bank. The predation was the main factor contributing to the seed bank reduction.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar simulação, verificando a rentabilidade de um sistema agrossilvicultural composto por eucalipto, arroz, soja e gado, de acordo com a variação do espaçamento de plantio do eucalipto e dos sistemas agroflorestais, bem como comparar os resultados com o plantio convencional do eucalipto. A análise econômica foi realizada mediante os métodos de avaliação de projetos florestais, Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Benefício Periódico Equivalente (BPE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). Todos os projetos analisados apresentaram-se viáveis economicamente, sendo que o eucalipto em monocultivo apresentou melhores resultados. Verificou-se que o ganho em área com plantio das culturas agrícolas e criação de gado não obtém o mesmo retorno econômico caso a área estivesse com plantio de árvores.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to simulate and verify the rentability of an agroforestry system composed of eucalipt, rice, soybean e cattle, according to the spacing variation in the plantation of eucalypt and agroforestry system, and compare the results with conventional eucalypt planting. Financial analysis was performed through the forestry project evaluation methods, Net Present Value (VPL), Equivalent Annual Value (VAE), Benefit/Cost Relation (B/C) and Internal Return Rate (TIR). All projects were shown to be economically viable, with eucalyptus monoculture showing the best results. We verified that the gain in area with planting of crops agricultural and cattle creation did not lead to the same financial return if this area was planted with trees.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Com o crescimento das estruturas de madeira na construção civil, em especial na construção de telhados, surgiu nas empresas a preocupação com a qualidade de vida e segurança dos trabalhadores. A pesquisa teve como objetivo a análise da carga física de trabalho (monitor de frequência cardíaca) e postura (metodologia de MICHIGAN). O trabalho foi realizado nos municípios de Alegre, Jerônimo Monteiro e São José do Calçado, localizados no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Realizou-se a coleta de dados em três canteiros de obra, durante os meses de setembro de 2010 a maio de 2012, analisando-se 18 trabalhadores. Na análise da carga física de trabalho, as atividades de montagem das treliças, das terças, dos caibros e das ripas foram classificadas como pesadas, sendo necessárias pausas para descanso. As posturas dos trabalhadores levantadas na montagem das ripas são prejudiciais à saúde, demandando a adoção de medidas ergonômicas urgentes.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT With the growing use of wooden frames in construction, particularly in the roofs, companies are concerned with workers quality of life and safety. The research aimed to analyze the physical workload (heart rate monitor) and posture (MICHIGAN methodology). The study was conducted in the municipalities of Alegre, Jerome Monteiro and São José do Calçado, located in southern Espírito Santo. Data was collected in three construction sites during the months of September 2010 to May 2012, analyzing 18 workers. In the analysis of physical workload, activities for the installation of trusses, purlins, rafters and battens, were classified as heavy, requiring rest times. Workers’ posture during the slats assembly favors injuries and requires the adoption of urgent ergonomic measures.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação do teor e espessura da casca e da densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus e Acacia plantados em monocultivo e consórcio. Cinco árvores de Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis e cinco de Acacia mangium foram investigadas em plantios monoespecíficos e mistos, totalizando 20 árvores. O teor e espessura da casca produzida pela Acacia em monocultivo (47,5% e 1,32 cm) foram aproximadamente três vezes superiores, quando comparadas àquelas do plantio consorciado (15,2% e 0,51 cm). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que não há diferença significativa entre as médias da densidade básica das madeiras de Eucalyptus e Acacia provenientes dos plantios monoespecíficos e mistos. Contudo, há variação longitudinal significativa em termos de densidade básica da madeira das árvores de Acacia e de Eucalyptus provenientes tanto do plantio monocultivado como do consorciado, indicando que há diferença na qualidade da madeira manejada para uso múltiplo.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the variation of the bark content and thickness, and wood basic density of Eucalyptus and Acacia planted in pure and mixed stands. Five trees of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis and Acacia mangium were investigated in pure and mixed stands, totaling 20 trees. The content and thickness of the bark produced by Acacia in monoculture (47.5% and 1.32 cm) were approximately three times higher than those from mixed stand (15.2% and 0.51 cm). From these results, it can be concluded that there is no significant mean difference between the density for Eucalyptus and Acacia wood from the pure and mixed plantings. However, there is significant longitudinal variation of basic density of Acacia and Eucalyptus wood from pure and mixed stand, indicating differences in the wood quality from logs managed for multiple use.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization are some of the anthropogenic activities that constantly generate negative impacts on natural environments. Part of this degradation directly affects aquatic systems. This study aimed to evaluate the visual characteristics of the Araras Stream, located in the municipality of Araras, São Paulo state, Brazil. Data was collected at six different assessment sites along the river in both rural and urban areas. The evaluation used a Rapid Habitat Diversity Assessment (RHDA) protocol composed of 22 parameters, which define levels of preservation of ecological conditions. According to this protocol, the 32 Km-long study transect along the Araras Stream was rated as impacted (39.6 points). A separate assessment by transects showed that only Transect 1 presented a natural level of preservation (71.8 points). Transects located in the urban area contributed the most to impacts on the aquatic environment. The RHDA protocol proved to be an important tool to evaluate and monitor aquatic environments.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Estudos de anatomia e pesquisas tecnológicas são necessários para as espécies Cedrela odorata e Cedrelinga cateniformis, uma vez que são muito utilizadas no setor moveleiro do município de Cruzeiro do Sul – Acre. Para avaliar o emprego adequado da madeira dessas espécies na indústria moveleira, este trabalho objetivou determinar suas propriedades físicas e anatômicas. Foram realizados ensaios para determinação da densidade básica e variação dimensional, bem como descrição macroscópica da madeira. Quanto aos fatores de anisotropia de contração e inchamento as espécies, foram classificadas como excelentes, com características adequadas para produção de móveis como estantes, mesas e armários.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Studies of anatomy and technological research are needed for Cedrela odorata and Cedrelinga cateniformis species, since they are widely used in the furniture sector of Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, Brazil. Thus, to enable the appropriate use of these wood species in the furniture industry, this study aimed to evaluate their physical and anatomical characteristics. Assays were performed to determine the basic density, dimensional variation and macroscopic description timber. The species were classified as lightweight and with excellent anisotropic and swelling factors, characteristics indicated for production of furniture as shelves, tables and cabinets.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio na produção de matéria seca e na qualidade da madeira e carvão vegetal de um clone híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, aos 6 anos de idade. Foram analisadas 40 árvores, sendo estudados 5 tratamentos em 4 blocos e amostradas 2 árvores por tratamento dentro de cada bloco. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de 0 kg, 60 kg, 120 kg e 240 kg.ha-1 de nitrogênio (N), como sulfato de amônio, com o objetivo de avaliar se a resposta ao sulfato de amônio era exclusivamente devida ao N. Foi aplicado ainda um tratamento adicional, com aplicação de 120 kg.ha-1 de N como nitrato de amônio, totalizando 5 tratamentos. Foram avaliadas as características de crescimento da árvore, densidade básica, estimativa de massa seca, composição química e energética da madeira e as características físicas, químicas e energéticas do carvão. Observou-se que a produção de massa seca tendeu a aumentar com a aplicação da dosagem de nitrogênio. O efeito da dosagem de nitrogênio não influenciou a densidade básica e as características energéticas do carvão vegetal, porém os teores de nitrogênio elementar, extrativos totais e lignina na madeira apresentaram aumento com a nutrição aplicada. A nutrição utilizada não influenciou as características químicas e energéticas da madeira e do carvão vegetal.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The present work aimed to verify the effect of different dosages of nitrogen on the production of dry material, and wood and charcoal quality made from a six years old hybrid clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Overall 40 trees were analyzed and five treatments in four blocks were studied, with two trees sampled per treatment within each block. Treatments consisted in the application of 0, 60, 120 and 240 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen (N) as ammonium sulfate in order to evaluate if the response to such compound was exclusively due to N. An additional treatment was applied with 120 kg.ha-1 of N as ammonium nitrate, totalizing five treatments. The tree growth, basic density, dry mass estimate, chemical and energetic composition of wood were evaluated, as well as physical, chemical and energetic characteristics of charcoal. The production of dry mass tended to increase with the nitrogen dosage applied. The effect of nitrogen dosage did not influence the basic density and energetic characteristics of charcoal, however the content of elemental nitrogen, total extractives and lignin of wood increased with nutrition. Such application did not influence the chemical and energetic characteristics of wood and charcoal.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi estimar o tamanho de amostra para avaliar a altura de planta (H), o diâmetro do coleto (D) e a relação altura de planta/diâmetro do coleto (HD) de timbaúva (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) e verificar a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre tubetes, doses de fertilizante e idades de avaliação. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos, formados pela combinação de tamanhos de tubetes (110 e 180 cm3) e doses de fertilizante (0, 3, 5, 7 e 9 g L-1 de substrato), no delineamento em blocos, com quatro repetições. Em cinco idades foram determinadas H, D e HD. O tamanho de amostra para H, D e HD é dependente da idade de avaliação. Para os tamanhos de tubetes, doses de fertilizante e idades de avaliação, 22 plantas por unidade experimental (bandeja) são suficientes para estimar a média dessas características, para erro de estimação de 10% da média, com grau de confiança de 95%.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective was to estimate the sample size to evaluate height (H), collar diameter (D) and relation height/collar diameter (HD) of timbauva plants (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) and to verify its variability among tubes, dosages of fertilizer and ages of evaluation. Ten treatments were organized in blocks designed with four replication and formed by the combination of sizes of tubes (110 and 180 cm3) and dosages of fertilizer (0, 3, 5, 7 e 9 g L-1 of substrate). The H, D and HD variables were evaluated in five ages. The sample size to evaluate H, D and HD is dependent on age evaluation. For the tubes, dosages of fertilizer and ages of evaluation, 22 plants per experimental unit (pot) are enough to predict the plants variables, with estimation error equal to 10% of estimated average, with a reliable rating of 95%.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the FSC forestry certification system to improve the forestry sector, in terms of compliance to environmental and social laws and improvements in working conditions resulting from the certification process. Thirty-seven auditing reports from five Brazilian forestry companies were evaluated, throughout the 2006-2013 period. Non-compliance and observations were analyzed and organized into categories, which identified the main performance issues found in certified forestry organizations. 301 instances of non-compliance and 138 observations of audit reports were verified, where 48 and 57% respectively, were linked to the two principles studied. For obtaining and/or maintaining the certificate it is necessary for all violations to be resolved. Therefore, it was concluded that forest certification contributes to the advancement of the forestry sector in Brazil, in relation to compliance with legal, social and labor issues.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the flow of air and water in Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus dunnii wood. Wood was collected from four trees aged 37 years in an experimental plantation of the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil. Planks were cut off the basal logs to produce specimens for air and water permeability testing. Results indicated that the longitudinal permeability to air and water of E. grandis wood were, on average, 5% and 10% higher, respectively, than that of E. dunnii wood. E. grandis and E. dunnii wood showed neither air nor water flow in the test for permeability transversal to the fibers, and longitudinal permeability to air exceeded that to water by approximately 50 fold in both species.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The stage of natural forest regeneration may influence soil fauna. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that there are differences in the structure and composition of the soil fauna communities between areas undergoing less advanced (LAS) and more advanced (MAS) stages of natural regeneration of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest at Pinheiral, RJ. Soil fauna was sampled using pitfall traps, during dry and rainy seasons. Total abundance, abundance of the saprophagous/predator group, mainly Formicidae, and the relative participation of Orthoptera were higher in MAS, while the relative participation of Acari, Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera and the herbivorous group were higher in LAS, during both climatic seasons. Some taxonomic groups were restricted to one of the areas. Richness, evenness and diversity tended to present higher values in LAS (dry season). The higher complexity of the soil fauna community was correlated to the higher leaf litter standing stock in LAS.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different radial regions of Pinus oocarpa wood on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels. Three different radial regions (internal, intermediate and external) and the mixture (integral log) were assessed. Experimental panels were produced with a nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3 using 8% urea-formaldehyde adhesive; they were compressed at a specific pressure of 40 kgf/cm2 and temperature of 160 °C, for 8 minutes. Wood radial position affected particleboard quality and a direct influence of the chemical composition and density of the material used was observed. Only the panels produced the mixture (integral log) and with the internal region met all the requirements stipulated by the marketing standard.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to present mathematical models and strategies for fitting equations to estimate dry biomass for tree species in forest restoration areas. The presence of outliers was analyzed in each fitted equation using values of the matrix H, leverage points, means of standard and studentized residuals, and of influential points through DFFITS, DFBETAS and COOK distance values. Furthermore, the normality, homoscedasticity and independence of residuals were checked. The accuracy of the fitted equations was evaluated by means of the R2adj., Syx, analysis of residuals, and AIC and BIC criteria. The results showed that the model for estimating dry biomass as a function of the variables Dc2, DBH2, Hc2 and DBH provides the more accurate solution, with Syx = 40.91% and R2adj. = 0.92. We concluded that the performance of this equation improves when adjusted to data stratified by classes of height-diameter ratio, which reduces the value of the estimated error.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avaliou a sustentabilidade de florestas por meio de indicadores processados em Lógica Fuzzy. Utilizou os dados extraídos dos inventários florestais realizados na FLONA de Irati, PR. Com a construção e combinação dos indicadores: INA – Incremento do Número de Árvores; CFL – Crescimento Florestal; TCF – Tendência de Crescimento Florestal foi possível obter o indicador referente à Sustentabilidade da Floresta (SFL) em estudo. Os principais resultados demonstraram que os indicadores INA, CFL e TCF acusaram, respectivamente, um aumento baixo no número de árvores, um crescimento médio para a floresta e também um crescimento médio para a tendência de crescimento da florestal. Por fim, o fragmento da floresta analisado resultou, quanto à sua sustentabilidade, um “estado de equilíbrio”. Os objetivos do trabalho foram alcançados e os resultados demonstraram coerência com a situação real.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This research has evaluated the sustainability of Forests by means of indicators processed in Fuzzy Logic. We used data extracted from forest inventories performed at FLONA in Irati-PR. By the construction and combination of indicators such as: INA - Increase the Number of Trees; CFL - Forest Growth; TCF - Forest Growth Trend we obtained the indicator relative to Sustainable Forest (SFL) under study. The main results showed that the indicators INA, CFL and TCF revealed, respectively, a low increase in the number of the trees, an average growth of the forest, as well as an average growth to forest growth trend. Finally, the forest fragment analyzed resulted in a 'balanced state', when regarding sustainability. The objectives of this research were achieved and the results demonstrated consistency with the real situation.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to homogenize the color of Eucalyptus saligna wood by means of steaming and compare the resulting color with that of Cariniana legalis wood, a species of high commercial value. To this end, two steaming curves were tested: 100% relative humidity for 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) hours at 90 °C followed by drying in a pilot-scale conventional kiln. The colorimetric parameters L*, a*, b*, C*, and h were determined according to the CIE L*a*b* color measurement system after drying. Results showed that steaming can be used for color homogenization between heartwood and sapwood. The treatment conducted for 24 hours (T2) presented the best results.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This work analyses Brazilian tropical wood exports, taking into consideration their performance and competitiveness from 2004 to 2011. The present paper aims to: a) determine the competitiveness of exports of goods: sawn wood and tropical plywood; and b) compare the performance of both products. The Constant Market Share model and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RVAI) estimated competitiveness and performance. The results show that sawn wood has proven to be the only product to provide competitive gains over the analyzed period.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of Eremanthus incanus (Less.) Less (candeia) in soil with manganese doses. Additionally, it sought to assess manganese concentration, and accumulation in the organs of the plant as well as quantify the appropriate concentration of this element in the soil. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse and used manganese doses of 0, 50, 150 and 450 mg kg-1 soil. The experimental design used randomized blocks with five replications. Stem diameter and plant height; dry matter of root, shoot and total, and concentration and accumulation of manganese in the leaf, stem and root were evaluated. The manganese concentration in the soil was quantified using the Mehlich-1 and DTPA pH 7.3 extractors. A reduction in growth and high manganese concentrations in all parts of the plant were observed. For Melich-1 extraction the appropriate manganese concentration is 15.90 mg kg-1 and for DTPA it is 3.02 mg kg-1. The use of the candeia for phytoremediation is not recommended due to sensitivity to manganese.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT We characterized soil physical and chemical properties and soil organic matter in epigeal termite mounds in pastures to evaluate the changes promoted by termites in comparison to an adjacent area. We selected seven active epigeal termite mounds in the municipality of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from top, center and base positions of each mound, at 0.50 and 1.50 m distance from the base of the mound. We identified individuals of the genus Embiratermes, Velocitermes, and Orthognathotermes. The humin fraction predominated over the humic and fulvic acid fractions both in mounds and adjacent soil. The amount of organic matter and the mineral fractions (mineral-associated organic carbon - MOC) varied among builder species. The studied chemical attributes point to a higher concentration of nutrients in the mounds than in the adjacent soil.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The exploitation of valuable native timber species in forest restoration projects has emerged as a promising strategy to make restoration financially viable. There are few studies regarding the quality of timber from restoration plantations. The aim of this study was to analyze growth stresses by determining the longitudinal residual strain (LRS) and evaluate their correlation with the growth variables in the species Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub in a 14-year old restoration plantation. Eighteen individuals were evaluated, determining the following variables: diameter at breast height (DBH), bark thickness, average annual growth in diameter (IMA) and annual periodic growth in diameter (IPA 2012-2015 ). The LRS was determined by the extensometer (CIRAD-Forêt), on DBH height and in the north-south direction of each tree. The LRS average was 0.072 mm, within the range of expected wood values for sawmilling. There was a significant positive correlation between the LRS, DBH and IMA.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil microbiological attributes of two Agroforestry Systems (AFS) in the city of Grão Mogol-MG considering two soil classes (Udox and Aqualf). Three composite samples were collected from the 0-5 cm soil depth layer. Each sample was subsequently divided into five replications to evaluate the carbon of soil microbial biomass (SMB-C), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMIC), basal respiration (SBR) and the soil CO2 efflux. The microbiological attributes of the soil were more influenced by the season than by the AFS group. The BMS-C and SBR were higher in the dry season while the CO2 efflux was higher during the rainy season. The similar values of the microbiological attributes between the evaluated systems indicate that AFS are efficient at incorporating carbon and maintaining the soil biological activity similar to that of native vegetation areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The research consisted of two experiments (64 and 85-day production cycles), applying three irrigation depths (8, 11 and 14 mm) to determine the most appropriate depth, using Ellepot™ degradable containers for the production of Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings; the possibility of shortening the production cycle; and the influence of water management in nursery on the early development of plants in pots. Results indicated that the most appropriate irrigation depth is 14 mm for both the 64 and 85-day production cycles; that it is possible to produce Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings with a shortened cycle, given that quality indicators were adequate; and that there was an influence of water management used in the nursery on the development of plants in pots for 64-day seedlings.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to quantify the biomass and carbon stock in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest remnant in southern Minas Gerais. Forest inventory data taken between 2010 and 2013 in permanent plots, was used to estimate biomass with an allometric equation. Basic wood density (Db) and carbon content were determined in the laboratory and the carbon stock was obtained by multiplying biomass by carbon content. The species with the lowest and highest Db were Nectandra lanceolata (0.38 g cm-3) and Machaerium villosum (0.77 g cm-3). The species that showed the lowest and highest carbon content values were Casearia decandra (41.85%) and Nectandra oppositifolia (46.57%). The biomass stock for the area was 126.92 ± 0.09 t ha-1, which corresponded to 55.91 ± 0.05 t ha -1 of carbon stock and a periodic annual increment of 3.07 t ha-1 year -1.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum brasilense , Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth of Pinus taeda seedlings. Bacterial inoculants were applied in two different forms: at sowing and 20 days after emergence. At 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence, we evaluated plant height and root-colar diameter. At 180 days after emergence, we also measured shoot and root dry weight. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and means were ranked by Duncan’s test. The most pronounced results were observed for root and shoot biomass when plants were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bacillus subtilis increased root and shoot biomass by 67.1% and 33.1%, respectively, when comparing values with those of non-inoculated plants. On the other hand, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens decreased root biomass up to 31.42%. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not promote any difference in Pinus taeda seedling growth and may not be an efficient alternative for inoculation practices. According to these results, inoculation of Pinus taeda seedlings with Bacillus subtilis has great potential to improve plant growth regarding adaptation to field conditions.

Resumo em Português:

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de Hypsipyla grandella em árvores de cedro situadas em Brasília, Distrito Federal, bem como descrever os principais danos decorridos em frutos e sementes. Foram coletados 283 frutos caídos de árvores de cedro e cada fruto foi analisado individualmente quanto à presença da H. Grandella, visualização dos principais sintomas e sinais da lagarta, como a presença de orifícios, goma, teia e excrementos. Foram encontradas 128 lagartas e 41 pupários no interior dos frutos. A partir do presente estudo foi possível constatar a presença e permanência de H. grandella em árvores de cedro durante os meses de janeiro a abril, época de produção e maturação de frutos da espécie, os quais, assim, servem de inóculo para futuros plantios, tanto de produção comercial como para fins paisagístiscos, dessa Meliaceae na região do Distrito Federal, Brasil.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to report the occurrence of Hypsipyla grandella in cedar trees in Brasilia, Distrito Federal, and describe their main damage in fruits and seeds. 283 fallen fruit of cedar trees were collected and each fruit was individually analyzed for the presence of H. grandella and visualization of the main symptoms and signs of caterpillar, as the presence of holes, gum web and excrement. 128 caterpillars and 41 puparium were found inside the fruits. From the present study, were determined the presence and permanence of H. grandella in cedar trees during the months of January to April, harvest season and ripening of the species, serving as inoculum for future crops, both commercial productions and for landscaping purposes of Meliaceae on the region of the Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Thaumastocoris peregrinus has become a major pest in eucalyptus. The most promising control method is the use of the parasitoid, Cleruchoides noackae , but little is known about its biology. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the oviposition behaviour of C. noackae in T. peregrinus eggs laid on strips of paper towel in the laboratory. 12 copulated females were placed in a plastic petri dish containing five T. peregrinus eggs and their behaviour was observed for 30 min/female. Several behavioural events were performed: searching for the host, host evaluation, insertion of the ovipositor, internal recognition and oviposition. Time elapsed between the insertion of the ovipositor and its removal varied from two to ten minutes. Learning more about C. noackae biology is very important to understand the dynamics between the parasitoid and its host, aiming at its biological control.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study assessed the genetic variability in open-pollinated progenies of Eucalyptus urophylla for resistance to rust (Puccinia psidii). The progeny trial was conducted on a statistical randomized block design with 20 progenies, five plants per plot, and nine replications. Analysis of variance showed high genetic variability for the studied trait, with potential for selection gains. The genetic variability of this population provides support to conduct a breeding program with superior individuals for rust resistance, allowing low costs and minimizing the yield losses on eucalyptus plantations.