Anthropometric indicators as predictors of dynapenia in older people: a cross-sectional analysis

Santana, Pabline dos Santos; Santos, Lucas dos; Leal Neto, João de Souza; Souza, Adriano Almeida; Santos, Emille Silva; Casotti, Cezar Augusto

doi:10.1590/fm.2024.37123

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Original Article • Fisioter. Mov. 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fm.2024.37123 copy

Anthropometric indicators as predictors of dynapenia in older people: a cross-sectional analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction:

Due to aging, older people become more prone to dynapenia, which increases the risk of mortality. It is therefore essential to propose low-cost tools to screen for this outcome.

Objective:

To analyze the predictive ability of anthropometric indicators for screening dynapenia in older people.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional census epidemiological study of 196 older people. The predictors listed were: body mass in-dex (BMI), arm circumference (AC), calf circumference (CC), arm muscle circumference and corrected arm muscle area. Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests (comparisons) and the receiver operating characteristic curves (predictive ability) were used in the analyses. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses.

Results:

The prevalence of dynapenia was 26.60% in older men and 24.80% in older women. It was also observed that older people with dynapenia had lower values for anthropometric indicators compared to those without dynapenia (p < 0.05). In older men, the indicator most sensitive to dynapenia was BMI (71.43%), while the most specific was AC (93.10%). Among older women, the indicator most sensitive to dynapenia was CC (76.92%) and the most specific was AC (77.27%).

Conclusion:

BMI and CC were found to be better at screening older men and older women for dynapenia, respectively. In addition, AC was the indicator that best identified older people of both sexes without the outcome.

Keywords:
Anthropometry; Aging; Epidemiology; Functional physical performance

Variable	% response	Males
		Dynapenia		p-value
		No (n = 58)	Sim (n = 21)	p-value
Height (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	164.64 (6.02)	160.42 (6.32)	0.008^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Weight (kg)^* * median and interquartile interval;	100	69.55 (13.70)	61.30 (18.90)	0.001^# # p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
Body mass index (kg/m²2 Santos L, Miranda CGM, Souza TCB, Brito TA, Fernandes MH, Carneiro JAO. Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points. Rev Nutr. 2021; 34:e200084. DOI DOI... )^* * median and interquartile interval;	100	26.35 (5.02)	24.51 (7.52)	0.024^# # p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
Calf circumference (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	98.70	35.82 (3.09)	33.10 (3.50)	0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Arm circumference (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	29.71 (2.99)	27.02 (3.37)	0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm)^* * median and interquartile interval;	100	10.90 (5.50)	9.80 (5.20)	0.085^# # p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
Arm muscle circumference (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	26.03 (2.51)	24.08 (2.74)	0.004^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Corrected arm muscle area (cm²)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	44.46 (10.59)	36.75 (10.50)	0.005^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Variable	% response	Females
		Dynapenia		p-value
		No (n = 88)	Yes (n = 29)	p-value
Height (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	151.65 (5.67)	147.41 (6.60)	0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Weight (kg)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	65.13 (13.95)	55.65 (11.99)	0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Body mass index (kg/m²2 Santos L, Miranda CGM, Souza TCB, Brito TA, Fernandes MH, Carneiro JAO. Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points. Rev Nutr. 2021; 34:e200084. DOI DOI... )⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	28.26 (5.51)	25.66 (5.44)	0.029^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Calf circumference (cm)^* * median and interquartile interval;	100	34.20 (5.30)	31.90 (2.60)	<0.001^# # p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
Arm circumference (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	30.33 (3.99)	26.96 (4.57)	<0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	100	22.89 (6.96)	17.95 (5.91)	0.001^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Arm muscle circumference (cm)⁺ + mean and standard deviation;	99.10	23.14 (2.52)	21.71 (2.96)	0.014^@ @ p-value obtained using Student's t test;
Corrected arm muscle area (cm²)^* * median and interquartile interval;	100	36.47 (10.17)	28.65 (13.55)	0.010^# # p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.

Variable	Males
Variable	Cutoff point	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)
Body mass index (kg/m²2 Santos L, Miranda CGM, Souza TCB, Brito TA, Fernandes MH, Carneiro JAO. Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points. Rev Nutr. 2021; 34:e200084. DOI DOI... )	25.19	71.43 (47.80 - 88.70)	58.62 (44.90 - 71.40)
Calf circumference (cm)	31.90	42.86 (21.80 - 66.00)	94.74 (85.40 - 98.90)
Arm circumference (cm)	25.50	38.10 (18.10 - 61.60)	93.10 (83.30 - 98.10)
Arm muscle circumference (cm)	23.11	47.62 (25.70 - 70.20)	87.93 (76.70 - 95.00)
Corrected arm muscle area (cm²)	32.52	47.62 (25.70 - 70.20)	87.93 (76.70 - 95.00)
Variable	Females
Variable	Cutoff point	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)
Body mass index (kg/m²2 Santos L, Miranda CGM, Souza TCB, Brito TA, Fernandes MH, Carneiro JAO. Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points. Rev Nutr. 2021; 34:e200084. DOI DOI... )	26.79	72.41 (52.80 - 87.30)	62.50 (51.50 - 72.60)
Calf circumference (cm)	33.20	76.92 (56.40 - 91.00)	67.82 (56.90 - 77.40)
Arm circumference (cm)	21.38	57.14 (37.20 - 75.50)	77.27 (67.10 - 85.50)
Arm muscle circumference (cm)	21.38	57.14 (37.20 - 75.50)	77.27 (67.10 - 85.50)
Corrected arm muscle area (cm²)	29.88	57.14 (37.20 - 75.50)	77.27 (67.10 - 85.50)

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[1] * Correspondence: lsantos.ed.f@gmail.com