Furtado et al., 20161313 Furtado GE, Uba-Chupel M, Carvalho HM, Souza NR, Ferreira JP, Teixeira AM. Effects of a chair-yoga exercises on stress hormone levels, daily life activities, falls and physical fitness in institutionalized older adults. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:123-9. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
35 healthy women randomly allocated to a control or intervention group. CG (n = 15) IG (n = 20) |
CG: continued performing their normal activities. IG: performed hatha yoga asanas (breathing) with a focus on flexibility. |
The IG maintained cortisol and alpha-amylase levels, protecting themselves against stress and infection - SPSS 20.0 (p = 0.004). The CG exhibited less fear of falling (-46%) than the IG (-36%) (p = 0.001). |
Marques et al., 20171616 Marques M, Chupel MU, Furtado GE, Minuzzi LG, Rosado F, Pedrosa F, et al. Influence of chair-based yoga on salivary anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, perceived stress and well-being in older women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2017;12:44-52. DOI DOI...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
34 women (age: 83.16 ± 7.4 years) IG (n = 15) CG (n = 10) |
CG: no exercise. IG: Chair yoga two or three times a week, for 28 weeks. |
Chair yoga improved emotional well-being in the WHO-5 (p = 0.055) and back stretch flexibility (p = 0.03). |
Patil et al., 20171717 Patil SG, Patil SS, Aithala MR, Das KK. Comparison of yoga and walking-exercise on cardiac time intervals as a measure of cardiac function in elderly with increased pulse pressure. Indian Heart J. 2017;69(4):485-90. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
60 older adults (≥ 60 years) with an increase in PA > 60 mmHg. CG (n = 30) IG (n = 30) |
CG: stretching exercises, such as neck, shoulder, hip, wrist and ankle rotation, forward and lateral flexion and walking. IG: relaxation exercises, asanas (maintain poses), pranayama (breathing exercises) and cyclic meditation. Asanas were practiced for 15-20 min, and pranayama and relaxation techniques/meditation for 40-45 min. |
The IG showed a reduced heart rate (p = 0.03), shorter ventricular ejection duration (p = 0.01) and improved diastolic function (p = 0.017), all using Peri-scope, Genesis Medical Systems, India. |
Cheung et al., 20171818 Cheung C, Wyman JF, Bronas U, McCarthy T, Rudser K, Mathiason MA. Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/ strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37(3):389-98. DOI DOI ...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
83 older adults with symptomatic OA of the knee (> 60 years old). CG (n = 23) IG (n = 32) IG (n = 28 |
CG: the control group received an OA educational brochure and weekly telephone calls from the study team. IG: underwent the hatha yoga (HY) program with one weekly group session and four weekly home-based sessions for eight weeks. IG: low-impact aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises (ASE) consisting of one weekly group exercise, and home-based sessions (strengthening exercises twice a week and aerobic exercises four times a week), also for eight weeks. |
The IG (Hatha yoga) showed a significant improvement in OA symptoms according to WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) (p =0.001), reduced anxiety (p = 0.04) and less fear of falling (p = 0.002), both observed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). |
Cheung et al., 20141919 Cheung C, Wyman JF, Resnick B, Savik K. Yoga for managing knee osteoarthritis in older women: a pilot randomized con-trolled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:160. DOI DOI...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
36 older adults (average age = 72 years) CG (n = 18) IG (n = 18) |
CG: the waiting list control group received the same yoga intervention after the IG at the end of eight weeks. IG: yoga program consisting of one weekly hatha yoga class for eight weeks, involving group and home-based exercises. |
The IG obtained higher pain (p = 0.01) and stiffness scores (p = 0.002), and improved control in the repeated chair stand subscale of the SPPB (p = 0,03). |
Park et al., 20162020 Park J, Newman D, McCaffrey R, Garrido JJ, Riccio ML, Liehr P. The effect of chair yoga on biopsychosocial changes in English- and Spanish-Speaking community-dwelling older adults with lower-extremity osteoarthritis. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2016;59(7-8):604-26. DOI DOI...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
112 participants with OA (≥ 65 years) CG (n = 49) IG (n = 63) |
CG: linguistically adapted health education program (HEP). IG: chair yoga, two classes a week for 45 minutes for eight weeks. |
The IG showed a decline in pain on the WOMAC (p= 0.01), rise in gait speed on the Gait Speed Test (p = 0.02) and less fatigue on the PROMIS - fatigue V (p = 0.03). |
Greendale et al., 20092121 Greendale GA, Huang MH, Karlamangla AS, Seeger L, Crawford S. Yoga decreases kyphosis in senior women and men with adult-onset hyperkyphosis: Results of a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(9):1569-79. DOI DOI...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
118 older adults of both sexes (> 60 years). CG (n = 60) IG (n = 58) |
CG: activities consisting of lunches, monthly seminars and correspondence, with 2 hours per session for 24 weeks. IG: 1-hr yoga classes, three days a week for 24 weeks. |
The IG obtained a decline in the kyphosis angle observed using the flexicurve instrument (p = 0.06). |
Flegal et al.,20072222 Flegal KE, Kishiyama S, Zajdel D, Haas M, Oken BS. Adherence to yoga and exercise interventions in a 6-month clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007;7:37. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
91 generally healthy men and women generally aged 65-85 years, randomized for a 6-month intervention. CG (n = 47) IG (n = 44) |
CG: walking on an outdoor track, with weekly 60-minute classes. IG: weekly 90-minute iyengar hatha yoga classes + a booklet illustrating the specific poses to help independent practice. |
The IG showed a reduction in anxiety in the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (p = 0.04) and enhanced physical functions observed in seated forward bend, one legged-standing (p = < 0.05), increase in vitality on the SF-36 (p = 0.04) and less fatigue on the MFI-20 (p = 0.04). |
Kaminsky et al., 20172323 Kaminsky DA, Guntupalli KK, Lippmann J, Burns SM, Brock MA, Skelly J, et al. Effect of yoga breathing (Pranayama) on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23(9):696-704. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
46 participants with a history of COPD, aged 60 years or older, with study duration of 12 months. CG (n = 22) IG (n=21) |
CG: continued with their habitual activities. IG: coordinators taught pranayama yoga, then the dirgha method, a three-part deep breathing technique. |
The IG showed improved mobility in the 6-min walking test (p = 0.04). |
Nick et al., 20162424 Nick N, Petramfar P, Ghodsbin F, Keshavarzi S, Jahanbin I. The effect of yoga on balance and fear of falling in older adults. PM R. 2016;8(2):145-51. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
39 older adults of both sexes (age: 68 ± 4.8 years) CG (n = 19) IG (n = 20) |
CG: no intervention. IG: hatha yoga with emphasis on pavanamuktasana, balance movements, and savasana. 1 hour, twice a week for eight weeks. |
IG participants improved their balance in the BBS (p < 0.0001) and decreased their fear of falling on the MFES (p < 0.0001). |
Ni et al., 20142525 Ni M, Mooney K, Richards L, Balachandran A, Sun M, Harriell K, et al. Comparative impacts of Tai Chi, balance training, and a specially-designed yoga program on balance in older fallers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(9):1620-8.e30. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
39 older adults of both sexes (> 60 years old). CG (n = 11) CG (n = 15) IG (n = 13) |
CG: Tai Chi in 60-min sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. CG: standard balance training twice a week (session duration: 60 min) for 12 weeks. IG: yoga, twice a week 60-min sessions for 12 weeks. |
All groups had significant improvements, analyzed by field tests: 8UG, OLS and right and left FR, normal and maximum speed walking, in standard balance and in gait (p < 0.005). Reduction of postural instability was also observed in laboratory tests that evaluated postural oscillation with eyes open (p = 0.001) and eyes closed (p = 0.002) with a consequent relevant improvement in dynamic posturography (p < 0.001). |
Park et al., 20172626 Park J, McCaffrey R, Newman D, Liehr P, Ouslander JG. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the effects of chair yoga on pain and physical function among community-dwelling older adults with lower extremity osteoarthritis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(3):592-7. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
100 participants with OA (≥ 65 years old) CG (n = 48) IG (n = 52) |
CG: linguistically adapted health education program (HEP). IG: linguistically adapted chair yoga (CY) program (versions in English and Spanish). Both groups attended two classes a week (45 min each) for eight weeks. |
In both groups, the WOMAC indicated a decline in OA symptoms (p < 0.001), and the random effects model of depression (p < 0.001) and social activity practice (p < 0.001) showed significant improvement. However, balance showed no relevant difference according to the aforementioned model (p > 0.05). |
Hariprasad et al., 20132727 Hariprasad VR, Koparde V, Sivakumar PT, Varambally S, Thirthalli J, Varghese M, et al. Randomized clinical trial of yoga-based intervention in residents from elderly homes: Effects on cognitive function. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55(Suppl 3):S357-63. PubMed PubMed...
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Randomized control trial |
6-month study of 87 individuals 60 years of age and older. CG (n = 58) IG (n = 62) |
CG: no intervention during the study period. IG: daily supervised sessions for one month; participants were then encouraged to continue unsupervised. The yoga program consisted of yogāsana, (loosening practices), sukñmavyayāma (physical poses), prāëāyāma (breathing exercises) and nādānusandhāna (meditation on the sound). |
The IG improved visual, verbal and working memory through RAVLT(p = <0.000) as well as attention, executive and psychomotor function, assessed by COWA (p = <0.013). |
Gothe et al., 20142828 Gothe NP, Kramer AF, McAuley E. The effects of an 8-week Hatha yoga intervention on executive function in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(9):1109-16. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
118 older adults (average age of 62.0 years) CG (n = 57) IG (n = 61) |
CG: stretching and strengthening exercises. IG: yoga as intervention. Both groups participated in 1-hr exercise classes, three times a week for eight weeks. |
When compared to the CG, the IG showed an improvement in executive function in the task switching version (p = 0.04), in running memory span (p = 0.11) and working memory, the last observed in the N-Back Task (p = 0.003). |
Hariprasad et al., 20132929 Hariprasad VR, Sivakumar PT, Koparde V, Varambally S, Thirthalli J, Varghese M, et al. Effects of yoga intervention on sleep and quality-of-life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55(Suppl 3):S364-8. PubMed PubMed...
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Randomized control trial |
120 older adults (> 60 years old) CG (n = 58) IG (n = 62) |
CG: no intervention. IG: daily yoga for one month and weekly for up to three months; they were also encouraged to practice unsupervised yoga for six months. |
The IG improved quality of life, observed in the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) (p < 0.05); and sleep quality in the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (p = 0.384). |
Tew et al., 20173030 Tew GA, Howsam J, Hardy M, Bissell L. Adapted yoga to improve physical function and health-related quality of life in physically-inactive older adults: a randomised controlled pilot trial. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):131. DOI DOI...
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Pilot randomized control trial |
47 older adults of both sexes (90% women; average age of 74.8 years). CG (n = 26) IG (n = 21) |
CG: educational booklet on physical activity. IG: educational booklet on physical activity + 10 sessions of yoga over 12 weeks (yoga adapted to the elderly). |
The IG improved physical performance, observed in the SPPB (p = 0.009), sit-to-stand (p = 0.009) and back scratch (p = 0.059), better self-reported health status in the EQ-5D-5L measure (p < 0.05) and mental well-being in WEMWBS (p < 0.05) in three months of yoga. |
Zettergren et al., 20113131 Zettergren KK, Lubeski JM, Viverito JM. Effects of a yoga program on postural control, mobility, and gait speed in community-living older adults: a pilot study. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011;34(2):88-94. DOI DOI...
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Pilot study |
16 older adults (both sexes, age 84 ± 4.6 years). CG (n = 5 women and 3 men) IG (n = 8 women) |
CG: no intervention. IG: an 80-min class of kripal yoga, every two weeks for eight weeks. |
The IG improved postural control according to the Berg Scale (p = 0.0003), mobility and gait speed, as determined in the Timed Up and Go. |
Santaella et. al, 20153232 Santaella DF, Devesa CRS, Rojo MR, Amato MBP, Drager LF, Casali KR, et al. Yoga respiratory training improves respiratory function and cardiac sympathovagal balance in elderly subjects: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000085. DOI DOI...
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Randomized control trial |
29 healthy individuals 60 years and older. CG (n =14) IG (n =15) |
CG: stretching activities in any part of the body. IG: forced inspiration and expiration breathing exercises (Bhastrika). |
The IG showed improvement in MIP and MEP according to the Koko spirometer (p = 0.0001). |