Chevidikunnan et al.2020 Chevidikunnan MF, Saif AA, Gaowgzeh RA, Mamdouh KA. Effectiveness of core muscle strengthening for improving pain and dynamic balance among female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(5):1518-23. DOI DOI...
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Assess core muscle strengthening. |
PP n = 10 21.4 years |
PP n = 10 22.2 years |
Pain, balance. |
Exp. (conventional physiotherapy + core), Cont. Group (conventional physiotherapy) 4 weeks; 3 x week.; 30 to 45 min. |
There is an intergroup difference in dynamic balance, with the experimental group exhibiting a more marked improvement. |
Demirci et al.2121 Demirci S, Kinikli GI, Callaghan MJ, Tunay VB. Comparison of short-term effects of mobilization with movement and Kinesiotaping on pain, function and balance in patellofemoral pain. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2017;51(6):442-7. DOI DOI...
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Compare mobilization with movement and
Kinesio taping.
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PP n = 18 37.5 years |
PP n = 17 36.7 years |
Pain, function and balance. |
Mobilization or Kinesio taping: 2 weeks; 2x week + 6-week home-based exercise program. |
Both groups improved dynamic balance. |
Erdoganoglu et al.2727 Erdoganoglu Y, Pepe M, Kaya D, Tagrikulu B, Aksahin E, Aktekin CN. Lower extremity alignment due to patellofemoral syndrome and dynamic postural balance. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2020;28(1):2309499019900819. DOI DOI...
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Investigate the relationship between lower limb alignment, balance and physical function. |
PP n = 62 44.1 years |
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Pain, physical function, balance and lower limb alignment. |
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Negative correlation for pain intensity and balance in the posterolateral direction. As pain increased on the affected side, balance in the posterolateral direction worsened. |
Goto et al.2828 Goto S, Aminaka N, Gribble PA. Lower-extremity muscle activity, kinematics, and dynamic postural control in individuals with patellofemoral pain. J Sport Rehabil. 2018;27(6):505-12. DOI DOI...
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Compare muscle activity, kinematics, pain and anterior reach distance. |
PP n = 14 21.7 years |
n = 14 20.9 years |
Lower limb muscle activity, kinematics, pain level and balance. |
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Individuals with PP demonstrated shorter anterior reach compared to the control group. |
Miller et al.2222 Miller J, Westrick R, Diebal A, Marks C, Gerber JP. Immediate effects of lumbopelvic manipulation and lateral gluteal kinesio taping on unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome: a pilot study. Sports Health. 2013;5(3):214-9. DOI DOI...
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Immediate effects of Kinesio taping on the hip and manipulation of the lumbopelvic region. |
PP n = 12 19.5 years |
PP n = 6 19.5 years |
Balance, function, ROM of squatting. |
3 groups immediate effect: Kinesio taping; manipulation and placebo. All groups performed lower limb flexibility exercises. |
Kinesio taping aimed at facilitating gluteus medius activation may increase immediate postural stability. |
Motealleh et al.2323 Motealleh A, Mohamadi M, Moghadam MB, Nejati N, Arjang N, Ebrahimi N. Effects of core neuromuscular training on pain, balance, and functional performance in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a clinical trial. J Chiropr Med. 2019;18(1):9-18. DOI DOI...
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Determine the effects of core neuromuscular training. |
PP n = 14 28.3 years |
PP n = 14 30.4 years |
Pain, function and balance. |
Exp. group (conventional physiotherapy + core training). Cont. group, 4 weeks, 3 sessions per day - 1 supervised session per day. |
The score improved in all 3 directions after therapy in both groups. The improvement was greater in the experimental group only in the posteromedial direction. |
Motealleh et al.2424 Motealleh A, Barzegar A, Abbasi L. The immediate effect of lumbopelvic manipulation on knee pain, knee position sense, and balance in patients with patellofemoral pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(3):71-7. DOI DOI...
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Lumbopelvic manipulation diminishes knee pain and joint sense position error of the knee and improves balance. |
PP n = 22 23.1 years |
PP n = 22 24.1 years |
Joint sense position of the knee, pain and balance. |
Exp. group. (received lumbopelvic manipulation at a single session). Cont. group (placebo). |
Excursion distance increased in the anterior direction immediately after intervention in the exp. group. |
Nakagawa et al.2626 Nakagawa TH, Santos AF, Lessi GC, Petersen RS, Silva RS. Y-Balance test asymmetry and frontal plane knee projection angle during single-leg squat as predictors of patellofemoral pain in male military recruits. Phys Ther Sport. 2020;44:121-7. DOI DOI...
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Investigate whether balance and frontal plane knee projection angle are risk factors in military recruits. |
n = 135 18.4 years |
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14 recruits developed PP. Those with greater asymmetry in the posterolateral direction and in the frontal plane projection angle were at greater risk of developing PP. |
Steinberg et al.3131 Steinberg N, Tenenbaum S, Waddington G, Adams R, Zakin G, Zeev A, et al. Isometric exercises and somatosensory training as intervention programmes for patellofemoral pain in young dancers. Eur J Sport Sci. 2020;20(6):845-57. DOI DOI...
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Examine the efficacy of two intervention programs in young ballerinas. |
PP n = 98 13.4 years |
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Pain, crepitation and patellar inhibition; anthropometric parameters; balance; proprioception and muscle strength. |
2 exp. groups Isometric and somatosensory exercises 1 cont. group 2 weeks, 3x week, 15 min. |
Dynamic balance was better for the two experimental groups compared to controls in the anterior direction. |
Priore et al.2929 Priore LB, Azevedo FM, Pazzinatto MF, Ferreira AS, Hart HF, Barton C, et al. Influence of kinesiophobia and pain catastrophism on objective function in women with patellofemoral pain. Phys Ther Sport. 2019;35:116-21. DOI DOI...
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Compare kinesiophobia, catastrophizing and objective function in women with PP. |
PP n = 55 21.8 years |
n = 40 22 years |
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, objective function (forward step down, single leg hop and balance). |
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Participants with PP exhibited worse dynamic balance than that of the control group without pain. No correlation was found between balance and kinesiophobia/catastrophizing. |
Song et al.3030 Song CY, Lin JJ, Chang AH. Effects of femoral rotational taping on dynamic postural stability in female patients with patellofemoral pain. Clin J Sport Med. 2017;27(5):438-43. DOI DOI...
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Investigate the effects of femoral rotational bandage on task performance, balance and pain. |
PP n = 16 25.7 years |
n = 8 28.6 years |
Maximum anterior excursion, three-dimensional kinematics of the hip and knee of the supporting leg and pain score during the SEBT. |
Exp. group and cont. group submitted to 3 conditions: bandage, placebo bandage and no bandage. |
Rotational bandage decreased hip adduction in the exp. group, increased the maximum anterior excursion distance and decreased pain in the bandage and placebo groups. |
Zamboti et al.3232 Zamboti CL, Silva Jr RA, Gobbi C, Shigaki L, Macedo CSG. Analysis of pain, functional capacity, muscular strength and balance in young women with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Fisioter Mov. 2017;30(3):433-41. DOI DOI...
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Quantify pain, functionality, gluteus medius quadriceps muscle strength, external rotators of the hip and balance in women with PP. |
PP n = 10 21.1 years |
n = 10 22 years |
Pain, function, muscle strength and postural balance analysis by the SEBT and force platform. |
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Moderate correlation between the SEBT and COP during one-leg standing demonstrates the possibility of using this test when a force platform is not available. |
Zarei et al.2525 Zarei H, Bervis S, Piroozi S, Motealleh A. Added value of gluteus medius and quadratus lumborum dry needling in improving knee pain and function in female athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(2):265-74. DOI DOI...
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Compare the effects of exercise therapy alone and with gluteus medius and quadratus lumborum dry needling in athletes with PP. |
PP n = 20 22.2 years |
DP n = 20 25.6 years |
Pain, function, pressure pain threshold, step down test and balance. |
Exp. group (exercise therapy + dry needling). Cont. group (exercise therapy). 4 weeks, 2 clinical and 3 at home sessions per week (15-40 min.). |
Improvements in SEBT performance (all 3 directions in both groups). |