Bridger (1989) 2525. Bridger R, Wilkinson D, Houweninge TV. Hip joint mobility and spinal angles in standing and in different sitting postures. Hum Factors. 1989;31(2):229-41.
|
25 women (22±3.2 years old) |
Inclinometer |
Thoracic (T1/T2 - T12/L1) |
Inclinometer |
Lumbar - flexion and extension |
Thoracic x Hip flexion: r=-0.42. p<0.05 |
Thoracic x Hip extension: r=0.36. p<0.05 |
Thoracic x Hip extension with flexed knee: r=0.13. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x Hip flexion: r=-0.49. p<0.05 |
Lumbar x Hip extension: r=-0.44. p<0.05 |
Lumbar (T12/L1 - L5/S1) |
Hips - flexion and extension |
Lumbar x Hip extension with flexed knee: r=-0.34. p>0.05 |
Thoracic x Lumbar flexion: r=0.27. p>0.05 |
Thoracic x Lumbar extension: r=0.21. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x Lumbar flexion: r=-0.17. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x Lumbar extension: r=0.03. p>0.05 |
Edmondston (2011) 2626. Edmondston S; Waller R, Vallin P, Holthe A, Noebauer A, King E. Thoracic spine extension mobility in young adults: influence of subject position and spinal curvature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41(4):266-73.
|
40 individuals (20 men and 20 women; 24±3.6 years old) |
Photogrammetry (ImageJ software) |
Thoracic (T1 - T6 - T12) |
Photogrammetry (ImageJ software) |
Thoracic - extension standing, sitting, prone and on all fours |
Thoracic x Standing thoracic extension: r=0.63. p<0.001 |
Thoracic x Sitting thoracic extension: r=0.70. p<0.001 |
Thoracic x Prone thoracic extension: r=0.78. p<0.001 |
Thoracic x Thoracic extension on all fours: r=0.79. p<0.001 |
Goldberg (2001) 2727. Goldberg CA, Chiarello CM. Lumbar sagittal plane mobility and lordosis in the well elderly as related to gender and activity level. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr. 2001;19(4):17-34.
|
41 individuals (men and women; 70.5±5.3 years old) |
Goniometer |
Lumbar (L1 - S2) |
Goniometer |
Lumbar - flexion and extension |
♀ Lumbar x Lumbar flexion: r=-0.69. p<0.001 |
♂ Lumbar x Lumbar flexion: r=-0.82. p<0.001 |
♂ Lumbar x Lumbar extension: r=0.72. p=0.008 |
Muyor (2013) 2828. Muyor JM, Miñarro PAL, Alacid F. The relationship between hamstring muscle extensibility and spinal postures varies with the degree of knee extension. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29(6):678-86.
|
75 men (34.79±9.46 years old) |
Spinal Mouse |
Thoracic(T1/2 e T11/12) |
Spinal Mouse and Inclinometer |
Hamstring muscles |
Thoracic x Hamstrings: r=-0.23. p=0.001 |
Lumbar x Hamstrings: r=0.21. p=0.05 |
Lumbar (T12/L1 to the Sacrum) Pelvis |
Pelvis x Hamstrings: r=0.37. p=0.001 |
Muyor (2013) 2828. Muyor JM, Miñarro PAL, Alacid F. The relationship between hamstring muscle extensibility and spinal postures varies with the degree of knee extension. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29(6):678-86.
|
75 men (34.79±9.46 years old) |
Spinal Mouse |
Thoracic (T1/2 e T11/12) |
Spinal Mouse and Inclinometer |
Hamstring muscles |
Thoracic x Hamstrings: r=-0.23. p=0.001 |
Lumbar x Hamstrings: r=0.21. p=0.05 |
Lumbar (T12/L1 to the Sacrum) Pelvis |
Pelvis x Hamstrings: r=0.37. p=0.001 |
Ohlen (1988) 2929. Ohlen G, Wredmark T, Spangfort E. Spinal sagittal configuration and mobility related to low-back pain in the female gymnast. Spine. 1989;14(8):847-50.
|
64 girls (11.9±2.7 years old) |
Brunner Kyphometer and Inclinometer |
Lumbar (T11/12 - S1/2) |
Inclinometer |
Lumbar - flexion, extension and total |
Lumbar x Lumbar flexion: r=0.33 |
Lumbar x Lumbar extension: r=-0.69 |
Lumbar x total lumbar AM: r=-0.38 |
Toppenberg (1986) 3030. Toppenberg RM, Bullock MI. The interrelation of spinal curves, pelvic tilt and muscle lengths in the adolescent female. Aust J Physiother. 1986;32(1):6-12.
|
103 girls (12.5 to 16 years old) |
Inclinometer |
Thoracic |
Myrin Goniometer |
Abdominal, Paravertebrae, Iliopsoas, gluteal, Rectus femoris and Hamstring muscles |
Thoracic x Paravertebrae: r=0.016. p>0.05 |
Thoracic x Abdominal: r=-0.245. p<0.05 |
Thoracic x Iliopsoas: r=-0.051. p>0.05 |
Thoracic x gluteal muscles: r=-0.106. p>0.05 |
Thoracic x Rectus femoris: r=0.027. p>0.05 |
Lumbar |
Thoracic x Isquiostibiais: r=-0.193. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x Paravertebrae: r=-0.240. p<0.05 |
Lumbar x Abdominal: r=0.209. p<0.05 |
Lumbar x Iliopsoas: r=-0.196. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x gluteal muscles: r=-0.110. p>0.05 |
Pelvis |
Lumbar x Rectus femoris: r=-0.078. p>0.05 |
Lumbar x Hamstrings: r=-0.213. p<0.05 |
Pelvis x gluteal muscles: r=-0.014. p>0.05 |
Pelvis x Rectus femoris: r=0.131. p>0.05 |
Pelvis x Hamstrings: r=-0.026. p>0.05 |
van Adrichem (1973) 3131. van Adrichem JA, van der Korst JK. Assessment of the flexibility of the lumbar spine. A pilot study in children and adolescents. Scand J Rheumatol. 1973;2(2):87-91.
|
248 individuals (girls and boys; 6 to 18 years old) |
Visual assessment |
Lumbar |
Schöber test |
Lumbar - flexion |
Lumbar x Lumbar flexion |
6 to 12 years old |
♀: r=0.008. p>0.05 |
♂: r=0.245. p<0.05 |
13 to 18 years old |
♀: r=0.193. p>0.05 |
♂: r=0.232. p>0.05 |