Chuang et al., 201722. Chuang HY, Chang HY, Fang YY, Guo SE. The effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised experimental study. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23-24):4830-8. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13841...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP after IMT in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.001). |
G1 vs G2: Significant increase in the distance covered in the 6’WT and the BDI score in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.001). |
G1: IMT |
G2: control |
Cutrim et al., 20191212. Cutrim ALC, Duarte AAM, Silva-Filho AC, Dias CJ, Urtado CB, Ribeiro RM, et al. Inspiratory muscle training improves autonomic modulation and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects: a randomized-controlled trial. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019;263:31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.03.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2019.03.0...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.05). |
G1 vs G2: Clinically significant increase in the distance covered in the 6’WT (ES=1.09). |
G1: IMT |
G2: control |
Heydari, Farzad, and Ahmadi hosseini, 20151616. Heydari A, Farzad M, Ahmadi hosseini SH. Comparing inspiratory resistive muscle training with incentive spirometry on rehabilitation of COPD patients. Rehabil Nurs. 2015;40(4):243-8. doi: 10.1002/rnj.136. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnj.136...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP and MVV in G1 in comparison with G2 (p=0.025). |
No secondary outcomes were assessed. |
G1: IMT |
G2: incentive spirometry |
Langer et al., 20151010. Langer D, Charususin N, Jácome C, Hoffman M, McConnell A, Decramer M, et al. Efficacy of a novel method for inspiratory muscle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Phys Ther. 2015;95(9):1264-73. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140245. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140245...
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G1 vs G2: Both showed an increase in MIP, but it was more expressive in G2 when compared with G1 (p<0.01). |
G1 vs G2: Significant increase in Tlim in G2 in comparison with G1 (p=0.02). |
G1: linear mechanical pressure load |
G2: conical flow resistive load |
Langer et al., 20181313. Langer D, Ciavaglia C, Faisal A, Webb KA, Neder JA, Gosselink R, et al. Inspiratory muscle training reduces diaphragm activation and dyspnea during exercise in COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018;125(2):381-92. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01078.2017. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.010...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.05). No significant difference in MVV between the two groups (p>0.05). |
G1 vs G2: Significant decrease in dyspnea in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.05). |
G1: IMT |
G2: placebo |
Mehani, 20171414. Mehani SHM. Comparative study of two different respiratory training protocols in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1705-15. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S145688. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S145688...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP in G1 in comparison with G2 (p=0.0001). |
G1 vs G2: Significant increase in the distance covered in the 6’WT in G1 in comparison with G2 (p=0.0001). |
G1: IMT+placebo EMT |
G2: EMT+placebo IMT |
Nikoletou et al., 20161717. Nikoletou D, Man WDC, Mustfa N, Moore J, Rafferty G, Grant RL, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(3):250-9. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1036171. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.10...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP in G1 in comparison with G2 (p=0.04). |
G1 vs G2: Significant increase in the distance covered in the shuttle walk test in G1 in comparison with G2 (p=0.05). |
G1: IMT |
G2: placebo |
Petrovic et al., 20121818. Petrovic M, Reiter M, Zipko H, Pohl W, Wanke T. Effects of inspiratory muscle training on dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:797-805. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S23784. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S23784...
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G1 vs G2: Significant increase in MIP in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.001). |
G1 vs G2: Significant increase in maximum exercise capacity in G1 in comparison with G2 (p<0.001). |
G1: IMT |
G2: control |
Wu et al., 20171111. Wu W, Guan L, Zhang X, Li X, Yang Y, Guo B, et al. Effects of two types of equal-intensity inspiratory muscle training in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Med. 2017;132:84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.0...
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G1 vs G2 vs G3: Significant increase in MIP in G1 and G2 in comparison with G3 (p<0.01), without significant difference between them (p>0.05). |
G1 vs G2 vs G3: Significant increase in VO2 max in G1 and G2 (p<0.05) in comparison with G3, without significant difference between them (p>0.05). No significant increase in BDI in the three groups. Significant increase in TDI in G1 and G2 (P<0.05) in comparison with G3. |
G1: IMT Pflex |
G2: IMT Threshold |
G3: control |
Xu et al., 20181515. Xu W, Li R, Guan L, Wang K, Hu Y, Xu L, et al. Combination of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in same respiratory cycle versus different cycles in COPD patients: a randomized trial. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):225. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0917-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-018-0917-...
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G1 vs G2 vs G3 vs G4: Significant increase in MIP in G1, G2, and G3 in comparison with G4 (p<0.05), without difference between them. |
G1 vs G2 vs G3 vs G4: Significant increase in dyspnea in G1, G2, and G3 in comparison with G4 (p<0.05), without difference between them. No difference in the 6’WT between groups (p=0.097). |
G1: IMT |
G2: IMT+EMT same cycle |
G3: IMT+EMT different cycles |
G4: placebo |