Magnusson, Johansson, and Johansson, 19941919. Magnusson M, Johansson K, Johansson BB. Sensory stimulation promotes normalization of postural control after stroke. Stroke. 1994;25(6):1176-80. doi: 10.1161/01.str.25.6.1176. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.6.1176...
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Healthy control group (n=23) |
Sex: unreported |
Application as balance disturbance: standing, eyes open and closed, use of vibrator in the tendon of the triceps surae muscle. |
1st mode: five periods of vibration with frequencies of 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100Hz, and amplitude of 0.4mm. |
Force platform. |
The three groups showed no difference in equilibrium velocity and anteroposterior oscillation. |
Sweden |
CVA vibration/galvanic stimulation group (n=22) |
Age: on average 74 years |
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2nd mode: constant frequency of 60Hz (PRBS programming) with pulses between 0.5 and 8sec. by 205sec., preceded by 30sec. rest. |
Evaluation: before, during, and after vibration. |
The CVA control group needed more time to reassume the initial balance after vibration than the other groups. |
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CVA control group (n=26) |
CVA stage: chronic |
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Bonan et al., 201377. Bonan IV, Marquer A, Eskiizmirliler S, Yelnik AP, Vidal PP. Sensory reweighting in controls and stroke patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;124(4):713-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09.019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09...
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CVA vibration group and control group (n=20) |
Sex: 7F+13M; |
Application as balance disturbance: standing, eyes open, with the use of perpendicular electromagnetic vibrators in the tibialis anterior and triceps surae tendons. |
Frequency: 50Hz in the tibialis anterior and triceps surae and 90Hz in the gluteus medius, in this order and separately, with amplitude of 1mm. |
Two force platforms with two inertia sensors (head and trunk). |
About 65% of the subjects were sensitive to vibratory stimulation, which affected postural control. |
France |
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Age: 51.4±10.5 years |
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Duration: 35sec., 1 session. |
Evaluation: before, during, and after vibration. |
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CVA stage: subacute |
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Lee, Cho, and Lee, 20132020. Lee SW, Cho KH, Lee WH. Effect of a local vibration stimulus training programme on postural sway and gait in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2013;27(10):921-31. doi: 10.1177/0269215513485100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513485100...
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CVA vibration group (n=16) |
Sex: Vib.=3F+13M and Plac.=4F+11M |
Application as intervention: weightlifting and weight change training in paretic LL with two vibrators fixed in the heel, in the triceps surae and tibialis anterior. |
Frequency: 90Hz. |
Force platform. |
Significant improvement in balance in CVA vibration group. |
South Korea |
CVA placebo group (n=15) |
Age: Vib.=53.31±8.37 years and Plac.=55.73±8.27 years |
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Amplitude: 15µm. |
Rating: pre-test, one week before the start, and post-test, one day after the end. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Duration: 30min./day, 3×/week, 6 weeks. |
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Mullie and Duclos, 20142121. Mullie Y, Duclos C. Role of proprioceptive information to control balance during gait in healthy and hemiparetic individuals. Gait Posture. 2014;40(4):610-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.07.008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014....
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Healthy vibration group (n=12) |
Sex: unreported |
Application as balance disturbance: standing, eyes open, walking on the treadmill, using electromechanical vibrators in the posterior muscles of the neck and in the tendon of the triceps surae of the non-dominant/paretic side. |
Mode: continuous or phasic (when heel was in contact with the ground). |
Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the whole body and the ground reaction force by using an instrumented treadmill. |
The balance did not change during the gait in the CVA vibration group. |
Canada |
CVA vibration group (n=12) |
Age: 47.8±11.8 years |
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Frequency: 80Hz. |
Evaluation: before, during, and after vibration. |
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CVA stage: not reported |
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Amplitude: 0.5 and 1mm. |
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Duration: 1min., 1 session. |
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Afzal et al., 20152222. Afzal MR, Oh MK, Lee CH, Park YS, Yoon J. A portable gait asymmetry rehabilitation system for individuals with stroke using a vibrotactile feedback. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:375638. doi: 10.1155/2015/375638. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/375638...
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Healthy vibration group (n=5) |
Sex: 1F+3M |
Application as intervention: use of Velcro belt with six vibrators attached between the knee and calf. |
Modulation: CVMbp, CVMst, and PVMsr |
Six meters walk test. |
Significant improvement in the CVA vibration group in gait symmetry and gait speed. |
South Korea |
CVA vibration group (n=4) |
Age: 64.75 years |
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Frequency: 200Hz. |
Evaluation: before, during, and after vibration. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Amplitude: 1.4G. |
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Duration: time of the walk test 6m; 1 session. |
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Duclos et al., 20152323. Duclos NC, Maynard L, Abbas D, Mesure S. Hemispheric specificity for proprioception: postural control of standing following right or left hemisphere damage during ankle tendon vibration. Brain Res. 2015;1625:159-70. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015....
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Healthy vibration group (n=20) |
Sex: RBI=2F+10M and LBI=6F+8M |
Application as balance disturbance: standing, eyes closed, with the use of perpendicular electromagnetic vibrators in the tibialis anterior and triceps surae tendons. |
Application: separated, under three conditions (paretic, non-paretic, and bilateral limb). |
Force platform. |
Greater disturbance in the triceps surae tendon, and greater displacement in non-paretic LL than in the paretic. |
France |
CVA vibration group RBI (n=12) and LBI (n=14) |
Age: RBI=69.2 years and LBI=65.4 years |
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Frequency: 80Hz. |
Evaluation: before (4sec.), during, and after (24sec.) vibration. |
RBI group suffered significant disruption and needed more time to restore balance. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Amplitude: 0.2-0.5mm |
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Duration: 20sec., 1 session. |
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Bonan et al., 20172424. Bonan I, Butet S, Jamal K, Yelnik A, Tasseel Ponche S, Leplaideur S. Difference between individuals with left and right hemiparesis in the effect of gluteus medius vibration on body weight shifting. Neurophysiol Clin. 2017;47(5-6):419-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.08.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2017.08...
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Healthy vibration group (n=40) |
Sex: 16F+24M |
Application as balance disturbance: standing, use of vibrator on the tendon of the non-paretic gluteus medius (right GM for left hemiparesis and left GM for right hemiparesis), maintained by a band around the waist. |
Frequency: 90Hz. |
Two force platforms. |
Greater disturbance in the CVA vibration group on the right hemiparetic than on the left. |
France |
CVA vibration group in the right (n=21) and left (n=19) hemiparetic |
Age: 54.7±10.6 years |
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Amplitude: 0.4mm. |
Evaluation: initial and in the 4th and 6th week (session 2) after the first test (session 1). |
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CVA stage: subacute |
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Duration: 35sec., 2 sessions. |
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Karimi-AhmadAbadi et al., 201899. Karimi-AhmadAbadi A, Naghdi S, Ansari NN, Fakhari Z, Khalifeloo M. A clinical single blind study to investigate the immediate effects of plantar vibration on balance in patients after stroke. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22(2):242-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.04.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.04.0...
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Same placebo and vibration CVA group (n=22) |
Sex: 8F+14M |
Application as an intervention: in supine position, arms next to the torso, with flexed knees, and bare feet, supported and fastened with three Velcro straps on the upper surface of a box with two vibration panels, in the tendons of the plantar flexors of the ankle. |
Frequency: 100Hz. |
Mini-BESTest. |
Significant improvement in balance in vibration group. |
Iran |
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Age: 55.82±11.87 years |
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Duration: 5min., 1 session. |
Evaluation before and immediately after placebo or active vibration. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Jamali et al., 20192525. Jamali S, Azad A, Mehdizadeh H, Doostdar A, Hoseinpour F, Mehdizadeh M, et al. Time-course investigation of postural sway variability: does anxiety exacerbate the sensory reweighting impairment in chronic stroke survivors? Neuropsychologia. 2019;127:185-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsycholog...
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Healthy vibration group (n=18) |
Sex: LA and HA=4F+14 M |
Application as balance disturbance: a pair of vibrators applied to the triceps surae tendon standing still and during a visual task of anticipation/virtual visual environment (they should avoid the collision of visual stimuli by moving the head and torso). |
Frequency: 80Hz. |
Force platform. |
Significant reduction in the variability of postural oscillation in the healthy group. |
Iran |
CVA vibration group with low anxiety (LA) (n=18) and high anxiety (HA) (n=18) |
Age: LA=55.11±10.93 years and HA=51.89±10.90 years |
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Amplitude: 0.3mm |
Evaluation: before, during, and after vibration. |
CVA LA needed more time to restore balance and CVA HA required even more time. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Duration: 60sec. for each condition, 1 session. |
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Jamal et al., 20202626. Jamal K, Leplaideur S, Rousseau C, Cordillet S, Raillon AM, Butet S, et al. The effects of repetitive neck-muscle vibration on postural disturbances after a chronic stroke. Neurophysiol Clin. 2020;50(4):269-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.01.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2020.01...
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CVA vibration group with RBI (n=16) and LBI (n=16) |
Sex: 6F+26M |
Application as an intervention: seated and blindfolded, with vibrator device manually positioned by the examiner in the tendons of the neck muscles (semispinalis and splenius); site depended on the side of the lesion: left on RBI and right on LBI. |
Frequency: 80Hz. |
Two force platforms, BBE and TUG |
Significant improvement in balance in both groups. |
France |
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Age: 60.9±10 years |
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Amplitude: 0.4mm. |
Evaluation: two weeks before, immediately before the 1st intervention, one week and one month after. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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Duration: 10min., 5 sessions/week, 2 weeks. |
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Önal, Karaca, and Sertel, 20202727. Önal B, Karaca G, Sertel M. Immediate effects of plantar vibration on fall risk and postural stability in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(12):105324. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebro...
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CVA vibration group (n=15) |
Sex: 7F+23M |
Application as intervention: in supine position, using a vibration device in both plantar regions. |
Frequency: 80Hz for 10sec. and 5sec. of rest. |
Biodex balance system. |
Immediate significant improvement in the vibration group. |
Turkey |
CVA placebo group (n=15) |
Age: on average 58 years |
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Duration: 15min., 1 session. |
Evaluation: before the intervention and up to 5min. after. |
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CVA stage: chronic |
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