Lower limb function assessment scale - LL-FAS |
Allart et al.1919. Allart E, Paquereau J, Rogeau C, Daveluy W, Kozlowski O, Rousseaux M. Construction and pilot assessment of the Lower Limb Function Assessment Scale. NeuroRehabilitation 2014;35(4):729-39. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141171. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-141171...
(2014) |
Reliability (intra- and inter-rater reproducibility) |
n=35 (22 M/13 W) |
59.3±14.6 |
Stroke |
Standing (perception of back, leg, and foot posture and weight distribution) |
Validity (content, construct, and internal consistency) |
Self-reported spine functional scale - SSFS |
Li et al.1616. Li W, Ding J, Hao X, Jiang W, Song H, Tan Y. Reliability and validity of the novel self-reported spine functional scale (SSFS) in healthy participants. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):529. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02620-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02620...
(2021) |
Reliability (test-retest) |
n=916 (752 M/164 W) |
21.16±8.67 |
Healthy young adults |
Standing and lying down (perception of the posture of the cervical spine, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine) |
Validity (content, structural, and internal consistency) |
Trunk appearance perception scale - TAPS |
Bago et al.1414. Bago J, Sanchez-Raya J, Perez-Grueso FJS, Climent JM. The Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS): a new tool to evaluate subjective impression of trunk deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis. 2010;5:6. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-5-6...
(2010) |
Reliability (test-retest) |
n=186 (26 M/160 W) |
33.6±17.0 |
Idiopathic scoliosis |
Standing and in the Adam’s test position (perception of trunk deformity) |
Validity (concurrent, structural, discriminant, convergent, and internal consistency) |
Walter Reed visual assessment scale - WRVAS |
Pineda et al.1515. Pineda S, Bago J, Gilperez C, Climent JM. Validity of the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale to measure subjective perception of spine deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis. 2006;1:18. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-1-18...
(2006) |
Reliability (test-retest) |
n=70 (10 M/60 W) |
19.4 (12-40) |
Idiopathic scoliosis |
Standing and in the Adam’s test position (perception of spinal and rib deformity, lumbar and thoracic prominence, trunk imbalance, uneven shoulders, and scapular rotation) |
Validity (concurrent, structural, discriminant, convergent, and internal consistency) |
Spinal appearance questionnaire - SAQ |
Sanders et al.1818. Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, Polly DW, Bridwell KH, Diab M, et al. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(24):2719-22. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5959. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a...
(2007) |
Reliability (test-retest) |
n=235 |
N/A |
Idiopathic scoliosis |
Standing (perception of the appearance of the spinal deformity) |
Validity (internal consistency) |
Postural awareness scale - PAS |
Cramer et al.1717. Cramer H, Mehling WE, Saha FJ, Dobos G, Lauche R. Postural awareness and its relation to pain: validation of an innovative instrument measuring awareness of body posture in patients with chronic pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2031-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2031-...
(2018) |
Reliability (test-retest) |
n=512 (43 M/469 W) |
50.3±11.4 |
Patients with chronic pain |
Postural awareness |
Validity (content, construct, and internal consistency) |