The role of dual oxidases in physiology and cancer

Faria, Caroline Coelho de; Fortunato, Rodrigo Soares

doi:10.1590/1678-4685/GMB-2019-0096

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Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Articles • Genet. Mol. Biol. 43 (1 suppl. 1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685/GMB-2019-0096 copy

The role of dual oxidases in physiology and cancer

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

NOX/DUOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins that carry electrons through biological membranes generating reactive oxygen species. The NOX family is composed of seven members, which are NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 and 2. DUOX enzymes were initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high expression level in the thyroid tissue. However, DUOX expression has been documented in several extrathyroid tissues, mostly at the apical membrane of the salivary glands, the airways, and the intestinal tract, revealing additional cellular functions associated with DUOX-related H₂O₂ generation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding DUOX structure and physiological functions, as well as their possible role in cancer biology.

Keywords
Dual oxidases; NADPH oxidases; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; cancer

Cell type	DUOX isoform	Physiological Function	References
Thyrocyte	DUOX2	TH biosynthesis	Dupuy et al. 1999; De Deken et al., 2000; Johnson et al., 2007; Grasberger, 2010.
Mucosal surfaces (salivary glands, rectum, trachea, bronchium)	DUOX1/DUOX2	Antimicrobial activity	Geiszt et al., 2003; El-Hassani et al., 2005.
Airway epithelium	DUOX1/	Wound response Inflammation	Schwarzer et al., 2004.
Airway epithelium	DUOX2		Wesley et al., 2007; Cho et al., 2013; Gorissen et al., 2013; Sham et al., 2013; de Oliveira et al., 2015; Hristova et al., 2016;
Urothelial	DUOX1	Host defense	Donkó et al., 2010.
Immune cell	DUOX1	Polarization	Singh et al., 2005; Kwon et al., 2010.

Organism	DUOX	Function	References
	Homologue
Sea urchin egg	Udx1	Fertilization	Wong et al., 2004
Caenorhabditis elegans	BLI-3 (Duox1)	Stabilization of the cuticular extracellular matrix	Edens et al., 2001
Caenorhabditis elegans	BLI-3 (Duox1)	Host defense	van der Hoeven et al., 2011
Drosophila melanogaster	dDuox	Host defense	Anh et al., 2011
Zebrafish	Duox	Host defense	Flores et al., 2010

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[1] Send orrespondence to Rodrigo Soares Fortunato. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS - Bloco G, Sala G0-031, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigof@biof.ufrj.br.