Pressões do contexto e a construção da capacidade institucional na formação de uma rede de simbiose industrial

Paula, Eugênia Vale de; Abreu, Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de

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Sumário

Original Article • Gest. Prod. 26 (4) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X3831-19 copiar

Pressões do contexto e a construção da capacidade institucional na formação de uma rede de simbiose industrial

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O artigo analisa a importância do contexto institucional e econômico, e da construção da capacidade institucional para o desenvolvimento de uma rede de simbiose industrial. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, utilizando a técnica análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de empresas e atores institucionais que participam do Programa Mineiro de Simbiose Industrial (PMSI). Foram identificadas as pressões do contexto institucional e econômico, o estágio atual das capacidades de conhecimento, mobilização e relacionamento capazes de gerar interações na rede de empresas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam a existência de uma rede de simbiose industrial pouco densa e com trocas isoladas de resíduos entre empresas. Existe um esforço dos atores que participam do programa mineiro de simbiose industrial na construção de capacidades de conhecimento, mobilização e relacionamento. No entanto, o contexto é desfavorável ao desenvolvimento da rede de simbiose industrial. As conclusões da pesquisa reforçam a necessidade de investir em soluções eco-inovadoras e a melhoria do ambiente institucional e econômico para a gestão eficiente dos recursos naturais e dos resíduos, e que possibilitem a criação de eco-parques industriais.

Palavras-chave:
Gestão de resíduos; Rede de empresas; Gestão ambiental; Sustentabilidade; Eco-parque industrial; Simbiose industrial; Ecologia industrial

Characteristic	Actors	Interviewees’ position in the organization
Promoter	Federation of Industries of the State of Minas Gerais – FIEMG	Superintendent of Industrial Development Environmental Manager Environmental Analyst
Supervisor	State foundation for environmental protection – FEAM	Manager of Residuals, and Mining and Industrial Solids Waste
Expectator	membership organization formed by collectors of recyclable materials – ASMARE	Vice-President
Mobilizer	Union of fireworks companies of the state of Minas Gerais – SINDIEMG	President

Companies	Industry sector	Interviewees’ position in the company
Z	Chemical	Commercial Manager and Environmental Analyst
#2	Paint	Environmental Supervisor
X	Cosmetics	Commercial Manager
# 3	Cement	Commercial Manager
Y	Furniture	Company’s owner
# 6	Fireworks	Company’s owner
# 7	Eco-technology	Executive director

Type of interaction	How does it happen?
Guidance	FIEMG provides, with exclusivity, guidance to the companies.
Planning	FIEMG is responsible for planning regional workshops.
Feasibility study	The feasibility phase (technical, economic, or organizational) is carried out by the companies. Company unions help in the development of feasibility studies.
Implementation	Companies implement IS solutions, according to the findings of the feasibility studies.
Influencing other actors	FIEMG and the company unions try to influence other unions to integrate the PMSI.
Agreements (contracts)	There are signed formal contracts (waste buying and selling contracts) and the establishment of waste exchange informal agreements (donation).
New companies	No new company emerges from the PMSI.
Strategic vision	Actors engaged in the IS do not manage to establish strategic visions around which common interests and objectives are coordinated.
Influencing the context	PMSI has limited influence in institutional and economic contexts.

Elements	Components	Strategies
Elements	Components	Based on PMSI	Developing Eco-Industrial Parks
Context	Institutional	Coercive pressure focused on final waste disposal and weak monitoring mechanisms	Provide better coercive and normative pressures to promote industrial symbiosis
Context	Economic	Focus on reducing operational, logistics and transactional costs	Economic incentives and subsidies to develop industrial symbiosis network
Institutional capacity building	Mobilization	Restricted to a group of self-organized companies	Developing networks with effective communication channels between companies
	Relational	Short term relationships and sporadic solutions between companies	Integration of companies in networks based on trust and collaboration
	Knowledge	Dissemination of information with an emphasis on the flow of materials, water, energy, and waste	Research and development to redesign products, processes, and cycling of materials, water, and energy
Interaction between companies	Guidance	Operational and bottom up	Strategic, top down and bottom up
	Planning	Short term planning limited to workshops	Long-term planning to develop the eco-industrial park
	Feasibility study	Short-term economic benefits	Long-term economic and environmental benefits
	Influencing other actors	Identification of possibilities and synergies	Building networks and relationships of mutual trust between companies
	Agreements (contracts)	Informal and sporadic relationships, with low financial support	Formal contracts and investment in technology to change processes and products

Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Engenharia de Produção , Caixa Postal 676 , 13.565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3351 8471 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: gp@dep.ufscar.br

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[1] Source: Elaborated by the authors.