Lean manufacturing na agricultura: benefícios, obstáculos e oportunidades

Carrijo, Pâmella Rodrigues Silva; Batalha, Mário Otávio

doi:10.1590/1806-9649-2024v31e1924

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Gest. Prod. 31 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2024v31e1924 linkcopiar

Lean manufacturing na agricultura: benefícios, obstáculos e oportunidades

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo O Lean Manufacturing (LM) é uma filosofia de gestão focada na redução de desperdícios enquanto aumenta a produtividade dos sistemas. Embora seus avanços tenham sido mais pronunciados no setor de manufatura, os benefícios do LM estão sendo cada vez mais reconhecidos em outras áreas, incluindo a agricultura. A pesquisa sobre a aplicação do LM na agricultura e na pecuária ainda é limitada, mas vem ganhando força nos últimos anos, conforme evidenciado pelos achados deste estudo. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a exploração deste campo emergente, este artigo visa mapear o panorama atual da pesquisa por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, complementada por uma análise de conteúdo. A RSL apresentada neste estudo teve três objetivos principais: identificar quais ferramentas e técnicas de LM são mais comumente utilizadas na produção rural, avaliar seus benefícios e determinar os elementos-chave necessários para sua implementação bem-sucedida. A pesquisa identificou o mapeamento de fluxo de valor como a ferramenta mais amplamente utilizada na produção rural. Os principais benefícios observados foram a redução de desperdícios e o aumento da receita das propriedades. A implementação bem-sucedida do LM nesse contexto requer um processo em cinco etapas, que é detalhado no artigo.

Palavras-chave: Lean manufacturing; Mapeamento do fluxo de valor agrícola; Produção agrícola; Gestão agrícola; Revisão sistemática da literatura

Stages	Objectives	Phases	Steps	How/Where
(I) Planning	Conducting a scoping review to obtain an overview of the subject.	(1) Determination of the objective and research questions.	1.1. Searches in different research sources.	Generic search sources, such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, Scielo and Google Scholar.
		(1) Determination of the objective and research questions.	1.2. Delimitation of the constructs and keywords.	Meetings with research field experts.
		(2) Development of a review protocol.	2.1. Definition of the search string, the databases and the selection criteria.	Meetings with research field experts.
(II) Conduction	Research carried out in the selected databases: Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo. Use of Start ® software as a conduction assistance tool.	(3) Studies selection.	3.1. Initial search in the selected databases.	SCOPUS, Web of Science and Scielo.
		(4) Application of the selection criteria.	4.1 Selection by document type.	SCOPUS, Web of Science and Scielo.
			4.2 Selection by language.
			4.3 Selection by knowledge area.
		(5) Export of documents.	5.1. Exclusion of duplicate documents.	State of the Art through Systematic Review ® (Start)
		(6) Application of the inclusion criteria.	6.1. Selection of studies that only consider rural production.	State of the Art through Systematic Review ® (Start)
		(7) Application of the selection filters.	7.1. Filter 1: Reading of title, abstract and keywords.	State of the Art through Systematic Review ® (Start)
			7.2. Filter 2: Reading introduction and conclusion.
			7.3. Filter 3: Complete reading.
		(8) Data extraction.	8.1. Bibliometric analysis.	Microsoft Excel®.
		(8) Data extraction.	8.2. Coding and data extraction.	Microsoft Excel®.
(III) Documents and Results	Reading and analyzing the documents.	(9) Data synthesis.	9.1. Development of an extraction form for each selected article.	Microsoft Excel®.
		(10) Content description.	10.1. Response to research questions.	Microsoft Excel®.
		(11) Making recommendations.	11.1. Identification of limitations and recommendation for further studies.	Meetings with research field experts.

Constructs	Keywords	Search expression
Rural production	Agriculture	(“agri”; “agro”; “farm*”; “rural”; “smallholder”)
	Agribusiness
	Farming
	Rural
	Smallholder
Lean Production System	Lean Manufacturing	(lean AND (manufa*, production, tools, thinking))
	Lean Production
	Lean Tools
	Lean Thinking

Criteria	Inclusion	Exclusion
Journal Quality	Scientific journal	Business periodicals, conferences, books, and notes
Access	Complete content written in English or Portuguese	Complete content not written in English or Portuguese
Purpose Alignment	Applying LM tools and techniques in rural production.	Not dealing with the application of LM tools and techniques in rural production.
Unit of Analysis	Rural Production	Industrial Production
Focus	Dealing directly with the use of LM tools and techniques in rural production.	Not dealing directly with the use of LM tools and techniques in rural production.

Journal	No. of articles
Journal of Cleaner Production	4
Revista ESPACIOS	2
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture	2
International Journal of Agricultural Management	1
Quality Engineering	1
Waste Management	1
Systemic Practice and Action Research	1
Journal of Food Engineering	1
Int. J. Agricultural Resources	1
Production Planning & Control	1
International Food and Agribusiness Management Review	1
European Management Journal	1
Int. J. Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics	1
International Conference on Information e Communications Tecnologies in Agriculture	1
2015 Proceedings of PICMET '15: Management of the Technology Age	1
Springer International Publishing AG 2018	1
Independent Journal of Management & Production	1
International Journal of Lean Six Sigma	1
Supply Chain Management: An International Journal	1
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	1
British Food Journal	1
Applied Science	1
Agronomy Research	1
Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications	1
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering	1
International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Reserch	1
Int. J. Environment and Waste Management	1
Conference on Manufacturing Systems	1

Authors	Analyzed Tool	Product analyzed	Research location	Objectives
Cox & Chicksand (2005)	General	Red meat	United Kingdom	Criticism of LM implementation on red meat–producing farms
Taylor (2006)	VSM	Pork meat	United Kingdom	An initial model of an integrated supply chain based on the application of LM principles
Zokaei & Simons (2006)	Takt time (TT); work standardization	Red meat	United Kingdom	Explained the various aspects of LM and reports on the introduction of some practices in various red meat supply chains
Zarei et al. (2011)	Quality function deployment (QFD)	Canned food preparation	Iran	Developed an integrated approach to make the food supply chain leaner
Folinas et al. (2014)	VSM	Corn	Greece	Proposed a systematic approach to measure the environmental performance of LM in food supply chains
Kurtz et al. (2014)	None specifically	None specifically	Brazil	Associated and discussed the differences, and current theoretical streams of LM and knowledge sharing.
Adeyeri & Kanakana (2015)	Lean Six Sigma	Cucumbers	South Africa	Analyzed the need for the use of Lean Six Sigma methodology in problem solving on a cucumber farm
Satolo et al. (2016a)	None specifically	Laying poultry farm	Brazil	Evaluated the LM production system on a laying farm
De Steur et al. (2016)	VSM; 5S; Just in Time (JIT); Kanban	None specifically	Belgium	Presented an SLR about the state-of-the-art of the application of lean practices in the agrifood industry
Satolo et al. (2016b)	Kaizen; TT; work standardization; 5S; TPM; JIT; Lean Six Sigma	Sugarcane	Brazil	Evaluated the use of the LM in a productive unit of the sugarcane agroindustry
Folinas et al. (2017)	VSM	Tomato	Greece	Proposed a systematic approach for measuring the environmental performance of supply chains in canned tomato production, based on LM
Satolo et al. (2017)	VSM; Kaizen; TT; PP; 5S; TPM; JIT; SMED; Lean Six Sigma; Kanban; continuous flow; DMAIC; Poka-Yoke; Jidoka	Sugarcane	Brazil	Conducted case studies in companies from different branches of agribusiness to analyze the degree of adherence to LM, considering the use of techniques and tools and how the specifics of the agribusiness system work
Chen et al. (2018)	The seven kinds of waste	Cauliflower	France	Identification of brokers, artifacts, and knowledge channels to facilitate knowledge mobilization and reduce agrifood waste
Aoki & Katayama (2018)	Heijunka	Baby leaf	Japan	Discussed the implementation of the Heijunka operation in baby leaf production.
Barth & Melin (2018)	VSM; 5S; SMED; TPM; Kaizen; Kanban; pull production; layout; TT; performance management; Heijunka; OEE	Dairy, meat, crops/vegetables	Sweden	Presentation of a framework for LM implementation on Swedish farms
Carson (2018)	General	None specifically	United Kingdom	Examined the Lean Agriculture project in the UK
Lermen et al. (2018)	A3 & PDCA	Fruits	Brazil	Proposed a framework with tools and practices to be implemented throughout lean product development
Melin & Barth (2018)	VSM; PP; 5S; SMED; PDCA; A3	Milk; poultry; meat; grains	Sweden	Presented and tested a framework for lean implementation in the agricultural sector, addressing the challenges from an operational and strategic perspective
Pearce et al. (2018)	Kaizen; TPM; PDCA; Gemba; pull production; continuous flow	Pears and apples	South Africa	Investigated the determinants that drive sustainable performance through the application of lean methods in pear and apple production
Reis et al. (2018)	VSM; Kaizen; JIT; Gemba	Coffee	Colombia	Developed a lean and green synergy (LGS) integration assessment model by formulating a conceptual framework
Liu et al. (2019)	VSM	Food	China	Demonstrated the applicability and suitability of a lean manufacturing system in a food processing plant
Muñoz-Villamizar et al. (2019)	VSM	None specifically	Spain	Analyzed gaps and trends to suggest approaches and methodologies that should be addressed in future studies for implementing lean and green management in the agrifood sector
Caicedo Solano et al. (2019)	None specifically	None specifically	Colombia	Reviewed the application of LM and OR principles in agricultural production and developed a methodology to integrate them and reduce waste
Ufua & Adebayo (2019)	Rick Pictures	Beef meat	Nigeria	Focused on the use of the Rick Pictures tool in parallel with Lean tools.
Caicedo Solano et al. (2020)	None specifically	Bananas	Colombia	Proposed a mathematical model that allows planning of crop maintenance, with the goal of minimizing cost.
Oliveira et al. (2020)	VSM and FIFO	Vegetables	United Kingdom	Applied an established framework for implementing lean methodology to a case study in vegetable production on a vertical farm
Estrada-González et al. (2020)	LCA and VSM	Eggs	Mexico	Aimed to design an eco-efficient approach to egg production on a farm, using LCA and VSM
Andersson et al. (2020)	5S, VSM, fishbone diagram, spaghetti diagram, PDCA, and visualization	Dairy products, eggs, chicken meat, pork, beef, cereals, and gardening.	Sweden	Explored how farmers apply Lean-inspired work processes.
Heng & Mohamed (2020)	Karakuri Kaizen	Vegetables	Malaysia	Sought to redesign the typical layout of the vegetable production unit using Karakuri Kaizen lean management principles.
Adawiyah & Istiqomah (2020)	Just-in-time, small lot size, employee involvement, training teamwork, and 5S	Zalacca (salak)	Indonesia	Assessed the motives of SMEs to engage in agribusiness, and the perceived benefits and obstacles associated with adopting lean management; identified the type of quality cost incurred by Zalacca farmers and SMEs; and assesses the most feasible forms of lean practices by farmers
Melin & Barth (2020)	VSM	Milk	Sweden	Aimed to increase understanding about lean implementation where value stream mapping (VSM) is used to create an action plan, on a small dairy and cattle farm in southwest Sweden
Baca-Nomberto et al. (2021)	Kaizen	Rice	Peru	Examined the rice industry, with LM tools to improve quality, increase productivity, reduce inventories, and costs, such as the Kaizen method
Pearce et al. (2021)	None specifically	Fruits	South Africa	Aimed to understand the relationship between lean practice implementation patterns, farm size, and sustainable performance among primary horticultural fruit producers in South Africa

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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Engenharia de Produção , Caixa Postal 676 , 13.565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3351 8471 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: gp@dep.ufscar.br

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[1] Source: prepared by the authors.