The synthesis of onion (Allium cepa) hybrids relies upon the use of two genetic-cytoplasmic male-sterility systems, CMS-S and CMS-T, in association to the normal male-fertile (N) cytoplasm. However, the molecular phenotyping of male-sterility-inducing and normal cytoplasms of many onion accessions adapted for cultivation under tropical conditions is not available. Some of these accessions were reported as presenting tolerance to diseases and adaptation to tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, these accessions are potential sources of parental lines for the Brazilian onion hybrid breeding programs. In the present work, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were conducted using mitochondria-derived markers in order to characterize the cytoplasm type present in different morpho-agronomic onion types cultivated in Brazil. The S cytoplasm appeared to be the most frequent one among the 66 evaluated accessions with a frequency of 56%. The T male-sterility-inducing cytoplasm was observed in 25.8% of the accessions. Of the samples, 18.2% displayed exclusively the cytoplasm N. This information could be useful to guide the onion breeding programs in the selection of parental lines aiming to develop hybrid cultivars adapted to tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
Allium cepa; molecular markers; mitochondrial genome; genetic-cytoplasmic male-sterility; crop breeding
