Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

Carmona, Paula Andrea O; Pinheiro, Jadir B; Amaro, Geovani Bernardo; Silva, Giovani Olegario da; Peixoto, José Ricardo; Cares, Juvenil Enrique

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620200203

Brasil

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 38 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620200203 linkcopy

Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

Fontes de resistência aos nematoides-das-galhas Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita e M. enterolobii em batata-doce

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ABSTRACT

One of the main obstacles for food production in many developing countries, as in Brazil, is the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, mainly those belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This study aimed to assess the resistance levels of 44 sweet potato genotypes to M. javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii. These researches were carried out in 2014, under greenhouse conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six replicates of one plant/plot/treatment was used. We determined the gall index (GI) and egg mass index (EMI) in the root system of each plant, the number of eggs and juveniles per gram of root with galls and the nematode reproduction factor. M. javanica was less aggressive and reproduced in only 9.09% of the evaluated genotypes; M. incognita race 1 was intermediate (47.73%); whereas M. enterolobii was more aggressive, with a population increase in 79.55% of the genotypes. The genotypes CNPH 1200, CNPH 1219, CNPH 1292, CNPH 1392, CNPH 60 and ‘Coquinho’ were the most resistant to the three species and can be used in breeding programs for multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes.

Keywords: Ipomoea batatas; plant breeding; reproduction factor; genetic resistance

Genotype	GI	EMI	Rf	Reaction	FWRG
CNPH 56	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1361	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1394	0.33 e	0.17 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 08	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1393	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 66	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
‘Brazlândia Rosada’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1197	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1392	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1195	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1796	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 80	0.50 d	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1219	0.50 d	0.50 e	0.02 d	R	6.46 e
‘Coquinho’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.02 d	R	12.08 e
‘Brazlândia Roxa’	0.67 d	0.17 e	0.02 d	R	0.99 e
CNPH 1292	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.02 d	R	6.89 e
CNPH 1358	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.03 d	R	13.48 e
CNPH 1805	1.00 d	1.00 d	0.03 d	R	11.57 e
CNPH 1365	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.03 d	R	5.89 e
CNPH 05	0.17 e	0.17 e	0.03 d	R	7.96 e
CNPH 1220	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.05 d	R	68.73 e
CNPH 1298	0.17 e	0.17 e	0.07 d	R	25.08 e
‘Rainha’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.08 d	R	27.79 e
CNPH 1310	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.08 d	R	20.34 e
CNPH 02	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.10 d	R	28.61 e
CNPH 60	0.50 d	0.50 e	0.10 d	R	54.35 e
CNPH 1357	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.12 d	R	145.07 e
CNPH 1232	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.12 d	R	38.39 e
CNPH 46	1.83 c	2.00 b	0.15 d	R	53.63 e
CNPH 69	0.17 e	0.50 d	0.16 d	R	31.15 e
CNPH 1221	1.33 c	1.17 d	0.17 d	R	25.23 e
CNPH 1216	0.83 d	0.83 d	0.22 d	R	53.45 e
CNPH 1200	2.00 c	2.33 b	0.27 d	R	75.66 e
‘Brazlândia Branca’	1.50 c	1.33 c	0.37 d	R	104.34 e
CNPH 1208	1.67 c	1.67 c	0.40 d	R	220.52 d
CNPH 41	1.67 c	1.50 c	0.53 d	R	601.37 c
CNPH 1344	2.00 c	2.00 b	0.58 d	R	469.64 d
CNPH 53	1.00 d	1.00 d	0.63 d	R	262.80 d
CNPH 1202	1.50 c	1.67 c	0.75 d	R	256.66 d
‘Princesa’	3.33 b	3.33 a	0.85 d	R	268.32 d
CNPH 1192	2.50 c	2.50 b	1.65 c	S	712.09 c
‘Beauregard’	3.00 b	3.00 a	2.30 c	S	874.93 c
CNPH 1809	3.00 b	3.00 a	2.78 c	S	324.10 d
CNPH 59	4.00 a	4.00 a	17.26 b	S	5298.9 b
Tomato ‘Santa Cruz’	5.00 a	4.17 a	94.31 a	S	11,211 a
Mean	0.91	0.88	2.76	-	473.72
CV (%)	17.24	17.10	38.07	-	76.70
CVg/CVe	1.68	1.68	2.51	-	2.44

Genotype	GI	EMI	Rf	Reaction	FWRG
CNPH 56	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1361	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1394	0.33 e	0.17 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 08	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1393	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 66	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
‘Brazlândia Rosada’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1197	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1392	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1195	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1796	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 80	0.50 d	0.00 e	0.00 d	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1219	0.50 d	0.50 e	0.02 d	R	6.46 e
‘Coquinho’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.02 d	R	12.08 e
‘Brazlândia Roxa’	0.67 d	0.17 e	0.02 d	R	0.99 e
CNPH 1292	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.02 d	R	6.89 e
CNPH 1358	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.03 d	R	13.48 e
CNPH 1805	1.00 d	1.00 d	0.03 d	R	11.57 e
CNPH 1365	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.03 d	R	5.89 e
CNPH 05	0.17 e	0.17 e	0.03 d	R	7.96 e
CNPH 1220	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.05 d	R	68.73 e
CNPH 1298	0.17 e	0.17 e	0.07 d	R	25.08 e
‘Rainha’	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.08 d	R	27.79 e
CNPH 1310	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.08 d	R	20.34 e
CNPH 02	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.10 d	R	28.61 e
CNPH 60	0.50 d	0.50 e	0.10 d	R	54.35 e
CNPH 1357	0.00 e	0.00 e	0.12 d	R	145.07 e
CNPH 1232	0.33 e	0.33 e	0.12 d	R	38.39 e
CNPH 46	1.83 c	2.00 b	0.15 d	R	53.63 e
CNPH 69	0.17 e	0.50 d	0.16 d	R	31.15 e
CNPH 1221	1.33 c	1.17 d	0.17 d	R	25.23 e
CNPH 1216	0.83 d	0.83 d	0.22 d	R	53.45 e
CNPH 1200	2.00 c	2.33 b	0.27 d	R	75.66 e
‘Brazlândia Branca’	1.50 c	1.33 c	0.37 d	R	104.34 e
CNPH 1208	1.67 c	1.67 c	0.40 d	R	220.52 d
CNPH 41	1.67 c	1.50 c	0.53 d	R	601.37 c
CNPH 1344	2.00 c	2.00 b	0.58 d	R	469.64 d
CNPH 53	1.00 d	1.00 d	0.63 d	R	262.80 d
CNPH 1202	1.50 c	1.67 c	0.75 d	R	256.66 d
‘Princesa’	3.33 b	3.33 a	0.85 d	R	268.32 d
CNPH 1192	2.50 c	2.50 b	1.65 c	S	712.09 c
‘Beauregard’	3.00 b	3.00 a	2.30 c	S	874.93 c
CNPH 1809	3.00 b	3.00 a	2.78 c	S	324.10 d
CNPH 59	4.00 a	4.00 a	17.26 b	S	5298.9 b
Tomato ‘Santa Cruz’	5.00 a	4.17 a	94.31 a	S	11,211 a
Mean	0.91	0.88	2.76	-	473.72
CV (%)	17.24	17.10	38.07	-	76.70
CVg/CVe	1.68	1.68	2.51	-	2.44

Genotypes	GI	EMI	Rf	Reaction	FWRG
CNPH 1392	0.00 d	0.00 d	0.00 e	R	0.00 e
CNPH 1292	0.00 d	0.00 d	0.03 e	R	73.21 e
CNPH 1219	0.83 c	0.67 c	0.13 e	R	77.62 e
CNPH 46	0.67 c	1.00 c	0.24 e	R	27.26 e
CNPH 60	0.50 c	0.67 c	0.28 e	R	282.74 e
CNPH 1221	0.67 c	1.17 c	0.33 e	R	112.63 e
‘Coquinho’	3.17 b	3.17 b	0.40 e	R	1.027.5 d
CNPH 1809	1.33 c	2.33 b	0.52 e	R	144.81 e
CNPH 1200	0.83 c	1.17 c	0.83 e	R	160.35 e
CNPH 1197	3.67 b	3.67 b	1.16 e	S	2672.4 d
CNPH 1202	3.33 b	3.67 b	1.65 e	S	1955.7 d
‘Princesa’	2.17 b	2.50 b	2.53 e	S	479.18 e
CNPH 56	2.83 b	2.83 b	3.01 d	S	7830.4 c
‘Rainha’	3.83 a	4.00 a	4.04 d	S	1896.2 d
CNPH 80	3.00 b	2.67 b	4.65 d	S	5842.8 c
CNPH 1310	3.83 a	3.50 b	5.17 d	S	3250.2 d
CNPH 1195	2.83 b	3.67 b	5.60 d	S	2765.5 d
CNPH 1394	3.67 a	3.67 b	6.38 d	S	4305.0 c
‘Beauregard’	3.00 b	3.33 b	6.53 d	S	6293.6 c
CNPH 02	3.83 a	4.33 a	6.57 d	S	2195.1 d
CNPH 66	4.33 a	4.33 a	6.85 d	S	3612.1 c
CNPH 1358	3.67 a	4.17 a	7.18 d	S	5040.1 c
‘Brazlândia Roxa’	4.17 a	4.50 a	9.55 d	S	2809.0 d
CNPH 1393	3.33 b	3.33 b	9.77 d	S	13788.3 c
CNPH 53	3.67 a	3.67 b	9.80 d	S	7135.2 c
CNPH 08	4.17 a	4.33 a	10.50 c	S	3129.8 d
CNPH 1805	3.83 a	4.50 a	11.24 c	S	5840.24 c
CNPH 1298	3.50 b	4.17 a	12.70 c	S	4790.5 c
CNPH 1216	4.67 a	4.67 a	14.05 c	S	5254.4 c
CNPH 59	4.17 a	4.00 a	14.22 c	S	2715.3 d
‘Brazlândia Branca’	4.00 a	4.00 a	14.33 c	S	6264.2 c
CNPH 41	3.50 b	3.67 b	15.74 c	S	8140.3 c
CNPH 1208	4.33 a	4.67 a	15.87 c	S	5600.7 c
CNPH 69	4.33 a	4.50 a	15.93 c	S	4449.9 c
CNPH 1796	4.33 a	4.50 a	16.17 c	S	7400.9 c
CNPH 1344	4.17 a	4.33 a	16.68 c	S	12195.1 b
‘Brazlândia Rosada’	3.17 b	3.50 b	21.70 c	S	6168.5 c
CNPH 1232	4.83 a	5.00 a	22.57 c	S	8995.6 c
CNPH 1357	4.17 a	3.67 b	23.72 c	S	20875.3 b
CNPH 1192	4.17 a	4.17 a	27.32 b	S	15977.7 b
CNPH 1365	4.50 a	4.83 a	30.73 b	S	8672.4 c
CNPH 05	4.67 a	4.50 a	34.27 b	S	9531.8 c
CNPH 1361	4.83 a	4.67 a	39.72 b	S	14717.4 b
CNPH 1220	4.00 a	3.33 b	45.87 b	S	40226.2 a
Tomato ‘Santa Cruz’	5.00 a	3.67 b	96.07 a	S	12592.8 b
Average	3.28	3.39	13.17	-	6162.6
CV (%)	11.83	12.24	51.03	-	53.94
CVg/CVe	1.63	1.46	0.99	-	1.04

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[TFN1] Means followed by same letters in the columns do not differ by Scott-Knott hierarchical clustering algorithm, at a significance level of 0.05 for the means/grouping test. CV= environmental coefficient. CVg/CV= genotypic and environmental coefficients relation. GI= Gall Index; EMI= Egg Mass Index (0= without galls or egg mass; 1= 1-2 galls or egg masses; 2= 3-10 galls or egg masses; 3= 11-30 galls or egg masses; 4= 31-100 galls or egg masses and 5= more than 100 galls or egg masses in the root system) (Taylor & Sasser, 1978); Rf= reproduction factor, calculated by dividing the final and initial populations (inoculated); Reaction: degree of resistance (R= resistant and S= susceptible) considering resistant the genotypes with Rf lower than 1 and, susceptible, those that presented Rf higher or equal to 1 (Oostenbrink, 1966); FWRG= eggs + J₂ per root gram part of tuberous root with galls.