Physiological and biochemical changes in lettuce seeds during storage at different temperatures

Catão, Hugo Cesar RM; Gomes, Luiz Antonio Augusto; Guimarães, Renato M; Fonseca, Pedro Henrique F; Caixeta, Franciele; Galvão, Alexandre G

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620180120

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Scientific Communication • Hortic. Bras. 36 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620180120 copy

Physiological and biochemical changes in lettuce seeds during storage at different temperatures

Alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de alface durante o armazenamento em diferentes temperaturas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Dormancy in lettuce seeds is a process not yet fully understood. High storage temperatures can cause seed dormancy promoting physiological and enzymatic changes. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of storage period and environments on the quality and dormancy of different lettuce cultivars. We also investigated the biochemical changes. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 4x8x3 factorial arrangement to evaluate physiological quality on different storage periods (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) and environments (15, 25 and 35°C) of seeds from eight lettuce cultivars (Everglades, Babá de Verão, Elisa, Luiza, Grand Rapids, Hortência, Salinas 88 and Rubete). The biochemical activity was accessed by tetrazolium test and the activity of the endo-β-mannanase. There occurred physiological and biochemical changes on lettuce seeds under periods and high temperature storage environments. A reduction of seed quality occurred at high storage temperatures mainly when stored during 120 days. The storage period up to six months maintains the viability and vigor of lettuce seeds, when stored at 15°C. Germination is compromised when seeds are stored over 60 days on temperatures over 25°C. Everglades is a tolerant cultivar to germination conditions of 35°C and maintains its quality during storage at 15°C. Temperatures over 25°C induce thermodormancy on lettuce seeds during storage. The tetrazolium test indicates that the seeds were viable; nevertheless, there was no germination at high temperatures. Enzymatic changes occurred in seeds stored at 35°C due to dormancy. There was a decrease in the expression of endo-β-mannanase enzyme being influenced by the environment and storage period. The Everglades cultivar is thermotolerant.

Keywords:
Lactuca sativa; thermotolerance; thermoinhibition; dormancy; enzymatic activity

Cultivars	Germination (20°C)
	Storage periods (days)
	30			60			90			120
	Storage temperatures (°C)
	15	25	35	15	25	35	15	25	35	15	25	35
Luiza	94Ba	94Ba	81Cb	91Ba	89Ba	80Bb	91Ba	86Bb	75Bc	90Ba	82Ab	69Bc
Elisa	84Ca	82Ca	76Db	84Ca	75Db	68Cc	80Ca	76Ca	63Cb	81Ca	70Bb	59Cc
G. Rapids	96Aa	92Ba	70Eb	95Aa	73Db	53Ec	90Ba	51Eb	28Ec	88Ba	42Db	15Ec
B. Verão	96Aa	93Ba	70Eb	95Aa	83Cb	60Dc	89Ba	80Cb	60Cc	90Ba	51Cb	32Dc
Hortência	97Aa	94Ba	88Bb	94Aa	76Db	62Dc	91Ba	63Db	50Dc	88Ba	22Eb	11Fc
Rubete	98Aa	78Cb	60Fc	96Aa	64Eb	44Fc	94Aa	51Eb	21Fc	91Ba	19Eb	9Fc
Salinas 88	92Ba	89Ba	70Eb	88Ba	59Fb	44Fc	89Ba	51Eb	18Fc	85Ca	17Eb	12Fc
Everglades	99Aa	100Aa	99Aa	98Aa	99Aa	99Aa	96Aa	92Ab	90Ab	97Aa	83Ab	84Ab
CV (%)	3.89
	Germination (35 °C)
Luiza	94Ba	94Ba	81Cb	91Ba	89Ba	80Bb	91Ba	86Bb	75Bc	90Ba	82Ab	69Bc
Elisa	84Ca	82Ca	76Db	84Ca	75Db	68Cc	80Ca	76Ca	63Cb	81Ca	70Bb	59Cc
G. Rapids	96Aa	92Ba	70Eb	95Aa	73Db	53Ec	90Ba	51Eb	28Ec	88Ba	42Db	15Ec
B. Verão	96Aa	93Ba	70Eb	95Aa	83Cb	60Dc	89Ba	80Cb	60Cc	90Ba	51Cb	32Dc
Hortência	97Aa	94Ba	88Bb	94Aa	76Db	62Dc	91Ba	63Db	50Dc	88Ba	22Eb	11Fc
Rubete	98Aa	78Cb	60Fc	96Aa	64Eb	44Fc	94Aa	51Eb	21Fc	91Ba	19Eb	9Fc
Salinas 88	92Ba	89Ba	70Eb	88Ba	59Fb	44Fc	89Ba	51Eb	18Fc	85Ca	17Eb	12Fc
Everglades	99Aa	100Aa	99Aa	98Aa	99Aa	99Aa	96Aa	92Ab	90Ab	97Aa	83Ab	84Ab
CV (%)	16.86

Cultivars	A	N	30		N	60		N	90		N	120
Cultivars	(ºC)	N	V	D	N	V	D	N	V	D	N	V	D
Luiza	15	12	25	75	18	22	78	18	39	61	20	30	70
Elisa	15	32	31	69	32	19	81	40	13	88	38	42	58
Grand Rapids	15	8	0	100	10	40	60	20	45	55	24	38	63
Babá Verão	15	8	38	63	10	30	70	22	41	59	20	35	65
Hortência	15	6	0	100	12	33	67	18	39	61	24	38	63
Rubete	15	4	25	75	8	13	88	12	33	67	18	39	61
Salinas 88	15	16	25	75	24	42	58	22	36	64	30	43	57
Everglades	15	2	0	100	4	25	75	8	25	75	6	33	67
Luiza	25	12	58	42	26	73	27	28	61	39	36	67	33
Elisa	25	36	69	31	50	64	36	48	65	35	60	60	40
Grand Rapids	25	16	81	19	54	83	17	98	73	27	116	68	32
Babá Verão	25	14	79	21	34	56	44	40	58	43	98	64	36
Hortência	25	12	75	25	48	58	42	74	61	39	156	62	38
Rubete	25	44	59	41	72	61	39	98	77	23	162	64	36
Salinas 88	25	22	64	36	82	70	30	98	66	34	166	61	39
Everglades	25	0	100	0	2	100	0	16	75	25	34	65	35
Luiza	35	38	61	39	40	63	38	50	76	24	62	66	34
Elisa	35	48	58	42	64	69	31	74	76	24	82	57	43
Grand Rapids	35	60	82	18	94	82	18	144	83	17	170	77	23
Babá Verão	35	60	88	12	80	76	24	80	61	39	136	63	38
Hortência	35	24	88	13	76	64	36	100	72	28	178	72	28
Rubete	35	80	63	38	112	65	35	158	87	13	182	69	31
Salinas 88	35	80	85	15	112	71	29	164	85	15	176	70	30
Everglades	35	2	0	100	2	100	0	20	85	15	32	63	38

Cultivars	A	N	30		N	60		N	90		N	120
Cultivars	(^o C)	N	V	M	N	V	M	N	V	M	N	V	M
Luiza	15	156	57	43	156	79	21	164	76	24	162	55	45
Elisa	15	154	62	38	162	70	30	164	78	22	164	58	42
Grand Rapids	15	194	59	41	198	71	29	200	58	43	200	56	44
Babá Verão	15	186	60	40	196	69	31	196	63	37	198	57	43
Hortência	15	200	64	36	196	62	38	200	60	40	200	64	37
Rubete	15	200	68	33	200	64	37	200	67	34	200	62	38
Salinas 88	15	200	59	42	200	67	34	200	68	32	200	61	39
Everglades	15	52	60	40	56	63	38	54	59	41	64	55	45
Luiza	25	168	62	38	176	72	28	194	64	36	198	61	39
Elisa	25	166	69	31	178	61	39	190	66	34	198	62	38
Grand Rapids	25	198	61	39	198	67	33	200	64	36	200	66	35
Babá Verão	25	194	63	37	198	64	36	200	65	36	200	64	36
Hortência	25	200	68	32	200	59	41	200	68	32	200	66	34
Rubete	25	200	71	30	200	60	41	200	62	38	200	63	38
Salinas 88	25	200	59	42	200	66	35	200	70	30	200	67	34
Everglades	25	66	59	41	74	68	32	90	62	38	120	54	46
Luiza	35	178	61	39	186	61	39	198	77	23	200	86	15
Elisa	35	182	63	37	184	64	36	200	80	21	200	89	11
Grand Rapids	35	200	61	40	200	60	41	200	84	17	200	91	9
Babá Verão	35	198	71	29	200	66	35	200	81	19	200	93	8
Hortência	35	200	66	35	200	63	37	200	81	20	200	94	7
Rubete	35	200	56	44	200	55	45	200	84	17	200	93	8
Salinas 88	35	200	57	43	200	67	34	200	81	19	200	93	8
Everglades	35	120	62	38	122	57	43	130	65	35	134	72	28

Cultivars	Storage periods (days)
	30			60			90			120
	Storage temperatures (^o C)
	15	25	35	15	25	35	15	25	35	15	25	35
Luiza	93Aa	83Cb	66Cc	94Aa	83Bb	52Bc	93Ba	69Cb	36Cc	84Ba	53Cb	26Bc
Elisa	93Aa	82Cb	55Dc	93Aa	83Bb	50Bc	91Ba	75Bb	40Bc	83Ba	72Bb	28Bc
G. Rapids	91Ba	78Db	65Cc	89Ba	75Cb	47Bc	87Ba	68Cb	30Dc	80Ba	54Cb	8Cc
B. Verão	94Aa	87Bb	73Bc	90Ba	86Bb	48Bc	87Ba	68Cb	36Cc	78Ca	50Db	8Cc
Hortência	90Ba	83Cb	58Dc	88Ba	84Bb	40Cc	83Ca	69Cb	30Dc	82Ba	53Cb	4Cc
Rubete	95Aa	74Db	65Cc	92Aa	73Cb	41Cc	89Ca	67Cb	31Dc	82Ba	54Cb	7Cc
Salinas 88	91Ba	81Cb	54Dc	87Ba	75Cb	41Cc	87Ca	63Db	32Dc	76Ca	48Db	6Cc
Everglades	96Aa	95Aa	93Aa	97Aa	93Aa	95Aa	96Aa	83Ab	85Ab	94Aa	81Ab	79Ab
CV(%)	3.99

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