Calcium supplementation in nutrient solutions to mitigate salt stress in fertigated okra

Santos, Sandy T dos; Costa, Jessilanne Plinia BM; Oliveira, Francisco A; Marques, Isabelly CS; Cordeiro, Carla Jamile X; Morais Neta, Helena M

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20210313

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 39 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210313 copy

Calcium supplementation in nutrient solutions to mitigate salt stress in fertigated okra

Suplementação com cálcio nas soluções nutritivas para mitigar o estresse salino no quiabeiro fertirrigado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on saline water as a minimizing agent of saline stress in okra cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Mossoró-RN using a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x5 factorial scheme with four replications. Two okra cultivars (Santa Cruz 47 and Valença) were tested fertigated with five fertigation managements [F1= irrigation with non-saline water (0.5 dS m^-1) and fertigation with a standard dose of calcium (4,733.8 mg plant^-1); F2, F3, F4 and F5= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS m^-1) and fertigation with increasing doses of calcium (4,733.8; 7,100.7; 9,467.7 and 11,834.5 mg plant^-1, respectively)]. Plants were collected at 120 days after emergence and evaluated for growth variables (plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, stem, fruit and total) and yield (fruit number, average length of fruits, average diameter and yield). Cultivar Santa Cruz 47 presented the highest vegetative development but cultivar Valença was earlier and presented the largest number of harvests (19), allowing more harvested fruits (27 fruits per plant) and the highest yield (659 g plant^-1). The cultivars were not affected by the saline level and showed little response to extra calcium fertilization.

Keywords:
Abelmoschus esculentus; salinity; fertigation management

Fertigation applications	CEa (dS m^-1)	Ca doses (mg plant^-1)	*Referential (Galati et al., 2013)*
F1	0.50	4,733.8*	100%
F2	3.50	4,733.8	100%
F3	3.50	7,100.7	150%
F4	3.50	9,467.7	200%
F5	3.50	11,834.5	250%

Irrigation management	Crop stages (days after emergence)
Irrigation management	0-40	41-80	81-120
Time per event (min)	5	7	9
Daily irrigation time (min)	30	42	54
Water applied daily (L plant^-1)	2.25	3.15	4.05
Water amount applied at different development stages (L plant^-1)	90	126	162

Cultivars	PH (cm)	NL	SD (mm)	FMD (g plant^-1)
Valença	143.15 a	21.50 b	26.34 b	74.4 a
Santa Cruz 47	149.65 a	41.90 a	34.53 a	52.7 b
Fertigation applications
F1^#	157.75 a	26.75 a	30.15 a	54.7 a
F2	143.00 a	29.62 a	29.37 a	72.3 a
F3	145.12 a	32.00 a	30.78 a	60.1 a
F4	147.87 a	33.87 a	30.10 a	66.7 a
F5	137.75 a	36.25 a	31.77 a	63.9 a
Cultivar (C)	ns	**	**	**
Fertigation (F)	ns	ns	ns	ns
C x F	ns	ns	ns	ns
CV (%)	11.91	23.93	8.42	27.96

Cultivars	LFR (cm)	DFR (cm)	NFR	PROD (g plant^-1)
Valença	16.94 a	1.88 a	27.10 a	659.23 a
Santa Cruz 47	16.12 a	1.87 a	19.85 b	496.75 b
Fertigation
F1^#	16.91 a	1.86 a	20.62 a	553.61 a
F2	16.17 a	1.89 a	25.50 a	620.91 a
F3	16.39 a	1.84 a	24.12 a	550.91 a
F4	16.62 a	1.90 a	23.87 a	593.22 a
F5	16.57 a	1.88 a	23.25 a	571.27 a
Cultivar (C)	ns	ns	**	**
Fertigation (F)	ns	ns	ns	ns
C x F	ns	ns	ns	ns
CV (%)	6,03	7,12	23,63	19,16

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

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[TFN1] ns;**= non-significant and significant at 1%, respectively. ^#F1= irrigation with no-saline water (0.5 dS m^-1) and fertigation with standard dose of calcium (4,733.8 mg plant^-1); F2, F3, F4 and F5= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS m^-1) and fertigation applications with increasing doses of calcium (4,733.8; 7,100.7; 9,467.7 and 11,834.5 mg plant^-1, respectively). Average values followed by the same letter, in the columns, do not differ among each other by Tukey test (p<0.05).