The text examines the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of a major mining venture in the Brazilian Amazon. From 1957 to 1998, Indústria e Comércio de Minérios S. A. (ICOMI) extracted ore from one of the world’s largest manganese mines, located in the Serra do Navio highlands region of the state of Amapá. ICOMI was the first and longest-running large-scale, capital-intensive mining operation in the Brazilian Amazon. Based on a biophysical and socioeconomic profile of Amapá, the region is characterized as a frontier for an expanding Brazilian society. After discussing the mining company’s characteristics, its production volume and commercial success, main environmental impacts (particularly deforestation), area water quality, and the environmental recovery of the mined area, it is concluded that impacts have been localized and moderate. Furthermore, measurements of the levels of socioeconomic well being in Amapá between 1953 and 1993 indicate significant improvements.
Amapá; mining; manganese; Amazon; environmental impact; socioeconomic development; regional development