In very recent years, the federal government has launched important initiatives meant to strengthen science, technology, and innovation in Brazil and thus enhance the results of technological innovation in key areas of the country's economy. Yet these initiatives have not been enough to reduce Brazil's heavy dependence on goods and technology from more developed nations. The article describes the current state of vaccination, production, and technological development of vaccines both internationally and nationally. Some thoughts are also offered on the complexity of vaccine innovation and the various stages whose completion is essential to the whole process of technological development. An analysis is made of the parameters and factors involved in each stage; technical requirements for facilities and equipment; Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines; organizational, infrastructural, and managerial needs; and the lengthy time periods and high costs entailed in these activities.
vaccines; technological innovation; technological development of vaccines; policy in science; technology & innovation