This paper aimed to develop a floristic survey of Orchidaceae for the municipality of Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil. Samples were collected during five field trips (2011-2012) and the specimens from ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, SP, and SPF herbaria were analyzed. Twenty-eight species and 20 genera were found, with Epidendrum (five species) and Cyrtopodium (four species) being the richest genera. Four new records were recognized for Chapada Diamantina (Aspidogyne argentea, Baptistonia nitida, Catasetum purum and Cyrtopodium holstii) and one for Bahia State (Wullschlaegelia aphylla). Using Jaccard's index and UPGMA, the comparative analysis of the orchid floras among localities of the Espinhaço showed that the localities of Bahia State formed a distinct group from Minas Gerais State, and municipality of Jacobina presented greater similarity to Morro do Chapéu (J = 0.24). Geographic proximity and phytophysiognomy can be factors to explain the pattern of clustering. An identification key and geographic distribution of species, including taxonomic and biological comments are presented.
Campo rupestre; Chapada Diamantina; Espinhaço Range; Orchid
