Madhu Singh Ratre, et al., 2018, |
M/52 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
3 months |
Panoramic radiography revealed slight to moderate generalized horizontal bone loss (non-sign-ficant for the leukemic diagnosis). |
Erythrocyte count 2.68 M (Low). leukocyte count 198,800 (High), neutro-phils 0.3%, platelets 30 (Low), blast cells 95%. |
Erythrocyte count 3.50 - 5.50 M/μL, leukocyte count 4,000 -11,000 /μL, neutrophils 40 -75%, platelets 150 - 450 × 103/μL, blast cells 0%. |
Leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Hwa Suk Chae, et.al, 2017 |
M/12 |
Bilateral parotid and submandibu-lar glands. |
2 days |
Panoramic radiograph showed no significant findings. |
White blood cells (× 103/μL) 16.24, (× 106 red blood cells (/μL) 3.88, hemoglobin (g/dL) 11.2, hematocrit (%) 31.0, platelets (× 103/ μL) 16 |
White blood cells (× 103/μL) 4.8 - 10.8, red blood cells (/μL) 4.6 - 6.2, hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.0 -18.0, hematocrit (%) 40.0 -50.0, platelets (× 103/μL) 130 -400 |
Acute sialadenitis |
Acute leukemia |
Acute lympho-blastic leukemia (B-lymphoid lineage) |
Dalirsani Z, et.al, 2015 |
M/45 |
From the right second molar to the left second molar in the mandibula and maxillary bones and hard palate |
4 months r |
The panoramic radiograph: generalized rarefaction of jaw bones, but the inferior alveolar canal was unclear. Thinning of the inferior cortex of the mandible and destruction of the posterior region of the right cortex. Occlu-sal radiograph: the resorption of the cortical border of the anterior mandible. Periapical radiograph: lamina dura was unclear and indistinct. |
White blood cells 53,900/μL, red blood cell 5.3 M/μL, platelet count 319,000/μL; alkaline phosphate 1,530 U/L |
Not mentioned |
Leukemia or lymphoma |
None |
Adult T-cell leu-kemia/lymphoma |
Guan G, Firth N, 2015 |
M/49 |
Palatal gingiva of the maxillary central incisors |
2 years |
Panoramic and periapical radiographs showed no significant findings. |
Hemoglobin (63 g/L), hemat-ocrit (0.19), platelet count (23*109/L) and leukocytes (0.5*109/L) |
Hemoglobin 130 – 175 g/L, hematocrit 0.4 – 0.52, platelets 150 – 400 *109 /L, leukocytes 4 – 11 *109 /L |
Leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Hasan S, Khan NI, Reddy LB. 2015 |
F/18 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
1 month |
Panoramic radiography showed no significant findings. |
Hemoglobin 7.4 g, red blood cell 1.23 million/cu mm, platelets 60,000/cu mm, white blood cells 812,000/ cu mm, neutrophils % 5, lymphocytes % 2 |
Hemoglobin 11 - 13 g, red blood cells 3.5 - 5.5 million/cu mm, platelets 150,000 - 450,000/cu mm, white blood cells 4,000 -11,000/cu mm, neutrophils % 40 - 70, lymphocytes % 20- 40 |
Leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Babu SP, et.al., 2004 |
F/43 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargment |
2 months |
Panoramic radiography showed no significant findings. |
Platelets: 11,000 150,000 – 400,000, red blood cells: 1.56 × 106, white blood cells: 197,600, neutro-phils: 1%, blast cells: 90% |
Platelets: 150,000 -400,000, red blood cells: 4.6 - 6.5, white blood cells: 4,000 – 10,000, neutrophils: 45 - 65, lymphocytes: 20 - 40, blast cells: 0 |
Leukemia |
Inflammatory enlargement, conditioned enlargement, systemic enlargement and neoplastic enlargement |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Martini V, et.al., 2013 |
M/52 |
Mouth floor, labial mucosa and tongue |
2 years |
None |
Normal |
Not mentioned |
Leukemia |
None |
Acute lympho-blastic leukemia (mature Natural Killer) |
Gowda TM, et.al., 2013 |
F/28 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargment |
2 months |
None |
White blood cells (cells/cu mm) 48,400, red blood cells (cells/cu mm) 2.8*106, hemoglobin (g/dl) 8.4, hematocrit (%) 25.1, platelets (cells/cu mm) 0.46 lacs, neutrophils (%) 6 |
White blood cells (cells/cu mm) 4,800 - 10,500, red blood cells (cells/cu mm) 4.6 - 6.2*106, hemoglobin (g/dl)14 - 18, hematocrit (%) 42 - 52, platelets (cells/cu mm) 1.4 - 4.4 lacs, neutrophils (%) 50 - 70 |
Pregnancy gin-gival enlargement |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Silva BA, et.al., 2012 |
F/10 |
The left-nasolabial region |
Not mentioned |
Occlusal radiograph with no signs of abnormality. |
Anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (there were not reference values), |
Not mentioned |
Hematopoietic malignancy |
None |
Chronic lympho-cytic leukemia |
Suárez-Cuenca JA, et.al., 2009 |
M/24 |
Right lower third molar region |
2 days |
None |
white blood cells 1.5 × 109/ L, red blood cells 3.6 × 1012/L, platelets 6.3 × 109/L, hemoglobin 107.0 g/L, hematocrit 0.30, |
Not mentioned |
Coagulation disorder |
Postoperative complication of tooth extraction |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M3) |
M Misirlioglu, MZ Adisen, S Yilmaz 2015 |
M/30 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
10 days |
It was not mentioned what kind of radiograph was made. It revealed no significative changes. |
white blood cells 35,000/mm3, platelet 30,000/mm3 and red blood cells 2.7 million/mm3. |
Not mentioned |
Acute leukemia |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype 4) |
Zacharias Vourexakis, 2015 |
M/30 |
Hard palate and the floor of the mouth |
3 days |
None |
5 platelets/nL, 1.1 leukocytes/nL and 22% hematocrit |
Not mentioned |
Leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
(promyelocityc) Mohammed Tag-Adeen, et.al., 2018 |
F/49 |
Middle of the soft palate |
1 month |
The head and neck computed tomography revealed mild bilateral cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy with left maxillary sinus effusion. |
Red blood cells: 4.4 × 106, platelets: 274 × 103, leukocytic: 8.3 × 103
|
Red blood cells: 3.8 – 4.9 × 106, platelets: 158 – 348 × 103, leukocytes: 3.3 – 8.6 × 103 (40% were abnormal) |
Candidiasis |
Malignant lesion |
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma |
Chowdhri K, et.al., 2018 |
M/40 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement involving the buc-cal, palatal and lingual region |
2 months |
The panoramic radiograph revealed generalized horizontal bone loss. |
White blood cell (× 103/mL) 44.78, red blood cells (× 103/mL) 1.47 4.00 - 6.00, hemoglobin (g/dL) 4.9 13.5 - 17.5, hematocrit (%) 14.5, platelet (× 103/mL) 65 |
White blood cell (× 103/mL) 4.00 - 11.00, red blood cells (× 103/mL) 4.00 - 6.00, hemoglobin (g/dL) 5 - 17.5, hematocrit (%) 42 - 52, platelet (× 103/mL) 150 - 450 |
Acute leukemia |
Acute manifestaion of systemic disease |
Acute monocytic leukemia (subtype M5b) |
M.Alessandriniaet, et al., 2012 |
F/74 |
The upper left vestibule next to the left upper central incisor and upper left secondary premolar |
Not mentioned |
Computed tomography confirmed a tissue-like mass, 3.2 × 0.7 × 0.3 cm located in the left vestibule of the maxillary bone. |
17,300 platelets/mL, 12,300, white blood cells/mL with 51%of lymphocytes and 4.1 million, red blood cells/mL. |
Not mentioned |
Squamous cell carcinoma, deep fungal infections |
Leukemia |
Chronic lympho-cytic leukemia |
A. Chatzipantelis, P. A. Atkin, 2018 |
M/50 |
Gingiva adjacent to the upper right first molar and buccal right mandibular buccal sulcus |
1 week |
The panoramic radiograph had no significant findings. |
White blood cell count 0.5, hemoglobin 103, platelet count 21, red blood cell count 3.31, hematocrit 0.3, neutrophil count 0.1 |
White blood cell count 74.4 1.3 0.5 4 – 11 × 10(9)/L, hemoglobin 130 – 180 g/L, platelet count 150 – 400 × 10(9)/L, red blood cell count 4.50 – 6.00 × 10(12)/L, hematocrit 0.40 – 0.52 L/L, neutrophil count 1.7 – 7.5 10(9)/L |
Acute leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Shimizu R, et.al., 2017 |
M/12 |
The right maxillary molar and the second primary molar |
1 month |
The panorama: diffuse opacifica-tion in the right maxillary sinus cavity, non-contrast computed tomography showing osteoblas-tic lesions of the anterior and posterior walls of the maxillary sinus and thickening of the surrounding bone and soft tissue of the right maxilla were observed. |
Mild leukopenia and high serum alkaline phosphatase |
Not mentioned |
Osteosarcoma of the right maxilla |
Osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and hematologic malignancy or metastatic malignancies |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M5a) |
Zhang Y, et.al., 2010 |
F/9 |
Right facial asym-metry,the maxil-lofacial region clearly protruding outward. |
2 weeks |
A contrast computed tomography scan of the maxillae demonstrated a homogeneous mass located in the right maxillary fossa extending backward into the infratemporal fossa without bone destruction. |
White blood cell count of 31.6 × 109/L, a platelet count of 272 × 109/L, and hemoglobin and red blood cell count of 107 g/L and 3.87 × 1012/L, |
Not metioned |
Leukemia infiltration |
None |
Acute lymphoid leukemia (High-risk B-cells) |
Mattheos K. et.al., 2010 |
F/70 |
The alveolar socket of the extracted left mandibular first premolar |
20 days |
The radiographic examination of the mandible did not show any bone damage. |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Myeloid sarcoma (biopsia) |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Chung SW, et.al., 2011 |
M/35 |
The lower anterior and left posterior teeth |
4 months |
A panoramic radiograph revealed an osteolytic lesion on the left mandibular body and ascending ramus area with severe vertical bone loss on the lower left posterior mandible. The computed tomography showed an osteo-lytic lesion on the entire left half of the mandible. |
Red blood cells 3.93 × 106/ ml), but normal white blood cell count (10.39 × 103/ml), platelet count (261 × 103/ml) |
Not menioned |
Hematologic malignancy |
Acute osteomyelitis of the mandible, osteosarcoma |
Acute lymphoid leukemia (Bur-kitt type) |
Sharon Aronovich, Thomas W. Connolly, 2008 |
M18 |
Mandibular left third molar |
1 week |
A panoramic radiograph showed a 30° mesial tilt of the mandibular left third molar with minor ovate radiolucencies mesial to roots of the mandibular left third molar and the mandibular right third molar. These radio-graphic findings were deemed inconclusive. |
Blood count showed 44% lymphoblasts with profound neutropenia and severe thrombocytopenia (17,000 platelets/mm3), |
Not mentioned |
Pericoronitis with occlusal trauma |
None |
Acute lympho-blastic leukemia |
Sepulveda E, et.al., 2012 |
M/6 |
Gingiva and hard palate |
2 weeks |
None |
hemoglobin 7.2 (g/dl), hematocrit 20 (%), white blood cells 26,600 (cells/ tnl^, neutrophil absolute count 530 (cells/ml'), lymphocyte absolute count 14,900 (cells/ml^, platelets 20,000 (cells/mP) |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) hematocrit (%) white blood cells (cells/ tnl^ neutrophil absolute count (cells/ml') Lymphocyte absolute count (cells/ml^ platelets (cells/mP) 0 CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS |
Leukemia |
Complication of hemorrhage after tooth extraction |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M3) |
Preeti Chawla Arora, et.al., 2020 |
F/18 |
Several ulcers on the tip of the tongue, buccal mucosa and gin-giva; mild enlargement of interdental gin-giva in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth |
One week |
None |
Hemoglobin 7.8 g%, high leukocyte count 34,900 mm3 and low platelet count 25,000 mm3 |
Not mentioned |
Aphthous stomatitis and HIV-associated oral ulcers |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
|
M/25 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
One month |
None |
hemoglobin level (5 g %), leukocyte count 65,000 mm3, platelet count 25,000 mm3 and red blood count 1.69 million mm3 |
Not mentioned |
Gingival enlargement induced by drugs |
Gingival enlargement due to leukemia |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Mahnaz Fatahzadeh and A. Michael Krakow, 2008 |
M/26 |
Anterior gingival enlargement |
3 days |
It was not mentioned what kind of radiograph was made. It revealed no significative changes. |
White blood count: 112,000 cells/mL3; platelets 15,000 cells/mL3; hemoglobin: 6.6 g/dL |
White blood count: normal/nl 5,000 – 10,000; platelets: 150,000 – 400,000; hemoglo-bin:13.8 – 17.2 g/dl |
Generalized gingivitis, acute her-petic |
gingivostomatitis |
Systemic disorders of hematological, immunosup-pressive and infectious etiology |
Acute myeloid leukemia Y-W Fu, H-Z Xu, 2017 |
F/27 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
3 months |
None |
Blood cell count of 9.68 9 109/L, with a hemoglobin count of 64.0 g/L and a platelet count of 17 9 109/L, |
Not mentioned |
Gingival enlargement in pregnancy |
none |
Acute myeloid leukemia (monocytic lineage) |
Hyun-Chang Lim, Chang-Sung Kim, 2014 |
F/56 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargement |
20 days |
Panoramic radiograph revealed generalized horizontal bone loss that was most prominent in the anterior maxillary region. |
white blood count (71.52 × 103/mL), decreased red blood cell (2.14 × 106/mL) and platelet (83 × 103/mL) counts, |
Not mentioned |
Manifestation of underlying systemic disease |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M4) |
|
F/49 |
Generalized gingi-val enlargment |
3 weeks |
Panoramic radiograph and computed tomography revealed severe periodontal destruction. |
white blood count of 38.01 × 103/mL and decreased red blood cell (1.46 × 106/mL) and platelet (20 × 103/mL) counts. |
Not mentioned |
Complications and abscess after tooth extraction |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M4) |
Srinivas Rao Ponnam, et.al., 2014 |
F/45 |
Gingival enlargement in the anterior region of the upper jaw and |
1 month |
Panoramic radiograph opacifica-tion of the left maxillary sinus and presence of root stumps in relation to 21st, 22nd and 25th teeth |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Metastatic tumor of unknown origin |
Small round cell tumor (after biopsy) |
Acute myeloid leukemia |
Mechery Reenesh, Singh Munishwar, Saroj Kumar Rath, 2012 |
M/32 |
generalized gingival enlargement. Ecchymosis in the floor of the mouth |
5 months |
None |
Hemoglobin 5.6 gm%; red blood count 1.41 million/cu mm, platelets 25,000/cu mm; white blood cell count 112,000/cu mm |
Hemoglobin 11.5 - 16.5 gm%; 3.5 - 6.0 million/cu mm; 1,50,000 - 4,50,000/cu mm; 4,000 - 11,000/cu mm |
Oral manifestation of systemic disease |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M4) |
Bianca Piscinato Piedade Rosa, et.al., 2018 |
M/47 |
Ecchymoses in the left ventral surface of the tongue and a hematoma in the gingiva around the mandibular left canine and first premolar |
1 month |
None |
Red blood count 3.35 million/mm3, platelets 22,000/mm3, leukocytes 67,200/mm3
|
Red blood count 4.3 to 6.1 million/mm3; 150,000 to 450,000/Mm3; leukocytes 3,500 to 11,000/Mm3
|
Acute leukemia |
None |
Acute myeloid leukemia (hypogranular variant) |
Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, et.al., 2010 |
M/43 |
Generalized gingival enlargement |
15 days |
Panoramic radiograph had no significant findings |
Hemoglobin, 10.5 g/dL; hematocrit, 30.3 percent; leukocytes, 153,000/L with 13 percent of blasts; platelets, 73,000/L; |
Not mentioned |
Necrotizing acute gingivitis |
Opportunistic infection caused by AIDS; extrame-dullary leukemic infiltrate |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M5) |
Cristina Vázquez-Martínez, et.al., 2018 |
F/1.6 |
Inflammatory lesion in the right mandibular body |
4 days |
Ultrasound of soft tissue revealed hypoechogenic mass of 13 mm in the right mandibular body, probably related to a dental germ |
white blood cell count 165,000/mm3; platelets 95,000/mm3; hemoglobin 11.7 g/dl |
Not mentioned |
Cyst of dental eruption |
Myeloid sarcoma (biopsy) |
Acute myeloid leukemia (subtype Mab) |