Incidence
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0.07-0.5/10.00022 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,1111 Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in infants and children: data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. J Pediatr. 2004;145(4):563-5.
PE: 0.09/10.0001111 Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in infants and children: data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. J Pediatr. 2004;145(4):563-5.
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5.6-16/10.0003434 Spentzouris G, Scriven RJ, Lee TK, Labropoulos N. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in relation to adults. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(6):1785-93.
PE: 3-7.8/10,0004949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Age
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2 peaks: first year of life and in adolescence1111 Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in infants and children: data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. J Pediatr. 2004;145(4):563-5.
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Exponential increase with age4949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Sex (M:F)
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1:122 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,1515 Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, Ali K, Barnard D, Bernstein M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47(6):763-6.
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Female predominance in childbearing years and male predominance > 45 years old4949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Ethnicity
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Greater incidence in African descendents1111 Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in infants and children: data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. J Pediatr. 2004;145(4):563-5.
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Greater incidence in African descendents and lower in Asians33 White RH, Dager WE, Zhou H, Murin S. Racial and gender differences in the incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2006;96(3):267-73.
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Idiopathic thrombosis
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2-8%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,99 Wright JM, Watts RG. Venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients: epidemiologic data from a pediatric tertiary care center in Alabama. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33(4):261-4.,1313 Tuckuviene R, Christensen AL, Helgestad J, Johnsen SP, Kristensen SR. Pediatric venous and arterial noncerebral thromboembolism in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. J Pediatr. 2011;159(4):663-9.,1919 Nowak-Göttl U, Junker R, Kreuz W, von Eckardstein A, Kosch A, Nohe N, et al. Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in children with combined prothrombotic risk factors. Blood. 2001;97(4):858-62.
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25-40%4949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Location
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Upper limbs |
0-60%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,1313 Tuckuviene R, Christensen AL, Helgestad J, Johnsen SP, Kristensen SR. Pediatric venous and arterial noncerebral thromboembolism in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. J Pediatr. 2011;159(4):663-9.,1515 Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, Ali K, Barnard D, Bernstein M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47(6):763-6.,1919 Nowak-Göttl U, Junker R, Kreuz W, von Eckardstein A, Kosch A, Nohe N, et al. Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in children with combined prothrombotic risk factors. Blood. 2001;97(4):858-62.
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10%5050 Ozaki A, Bartholomew JR. Venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis & pulmonary embolism) [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Center for Continuing Education 2112. Available from: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/venous-thromboembolism/#top [cited 10.08.18]. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medi...
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Lower limbs |
36-65%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,1313 Tuckuviene R, Christensen AL, Helgestad J, Johnsen SP, Kristensen SR. Pediatric venous and arterial noncerebral thromboembolism in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. J Pediatr. 2011;159(4):663-9.,1919 Nowak-Göttl U, Junker R, Kreuz W, von Eckardstein A, Kosch A, Nohe N, et al. Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in children with combined prothrombotic risk factors. Blood. 2001;97(4):858-62.
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80%5050 Ozaki A, Bartholomew JR. Venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis & pulmonary embolism) [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Center for Continuing Education 2112. Available from: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/venous-thromboembolism/#top [cited 10.08.18]. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medi...
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Recurrence
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5.5-21%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,99 Wright JM, Watts RG. Venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients: epidemiologic data from a pediatric tertiary care center in Alabama. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33(4):261-4.,1515 Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, Ali K, Barnard D, Bernstein M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47(6):763-6.,1919 Nowak-Göttl U, Junker R, Kreuz W, von Eckardstein A, Kosch A, Nohe N, et al. Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in children with combined prothrombotic risk factors. Blood. 2001;97(4):858-62.,2121 Revel-Vilk S, Chan A, Bauman M, Massicotte P. Prothrombotic conditions in an unselected cohort of children with venous thromboembolic disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1(5):915-21.
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30%4949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Death
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9-20%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,55 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Büller HR, Hirasing RA, Heijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139(5):676-81.,66 Gibson B, Chalmers E, Bolton-Maggs P, Henderson D, Lynn R. Thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year BPSU study in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(Suppl. 1):1-72.,99 Wright JM, Watts RG. Venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients: epidemiologic data from a pediatric tertiary care center in Alabama. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33(4):261-4.,1515 Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, Ali K, Barnard D, Bernstein M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47(6):763-6.,2020 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, van den Dool EJ, Hutten BA, Peters M. Pediatric venous thromboembolic disease in one single center: congenital prothrombotic disorders and the clinical outcome. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1(12):2516-22.
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5%4949 Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH. The epidemiology of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41:3-14.
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Postthrombotic syndrome
|
12-70%22 Setty BA, O’Brien SH, Kerlin BA. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: a tertiary care complication of chronic diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(2):258-64.,1515 Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, Ali K, Barnard D, Bernstein M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47(6):763-6.,2020 van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, van den Dool EJ, Hutten BA, Peters M. Pediatric venous thromboembolic disease in one single center: congenital prothrombotic disorders and the clinical outcome. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1(12):2516-22.
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20-50%3434 Spentzouris G, Scriven RJ, Lee TK, Labropoulos N. Pediatric venous thromboembolism in relation to adults. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(6):1785-93.
|