COVID-19 |
Shen et al.,5010"Solidarity" clinical trial for COVID-19 treatments. World Health Organization. Available from:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments. [Cited 19 December 2020]. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases...
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5 |
Antivirals and Methylprednisolone |
10 - 22 days after hospitalization |
400 ml in 2 doses |
1:1000 |
All 5 patients showed a decrease in viral load and inflammatory marker levels by day 12 after transfusion. |
Ye et al.,22 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017...
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6 |
Arbidol and Levofloxacin |
10 - 16 days after onset |
Variable doses of 200ml |
Not Defined |
All 6 patients had different underlying health conditions with respiratory distress before plasma therapy. Variable transfusion doses in all patients led to higher antibody titers and reduction in lung opacification. |
Duan et al.,88 Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1814-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721...
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10 |
Methylprednisolone, Arbidol, Ribavirin, Combination therapy with Arbidol and Ribavirin/Remdesivir/Peramivir |
16.5 days (median) after onset |
200ml |
1:640 |
All 10 patients showed a reduction in symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain within 3 days after transfusion. Neutralizing antibody titers were significantly high by day 6 post-transfusion and patients showed significant reduction in lung lesions. |
Zhang et al.,66 South Africa coronavirus variant: what is the risk? BBC News. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55534727. [Cited 5 January 2021]. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55534727...
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4 |
Patient 1 - Arbidol, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, interferon alpha, human immunoglobulin, zadaxin, antibacterial and antifungal drugs; Patient 2 - Arbidol, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, interferon-2alpha, Methylprednisolone; Patient 3 - Arbidol, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Oseltamivir, Ribavirin, interferon-2alpha, Caspofungin, Voriconazole, and; Patient 4 - Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Vancomycin and Imipenem |
Patient 1 - 17 - 28 days after hospitalization; Patient 2 - 11 days after hospitalization; Patient 3 - 14 - 39 days after hospitalization, and; Patient 4 - 19 days after hospitalization |
Patient 1 - 900 ml in 3 doses; Patient 2 - 200 ml; Patient 3 - 2400 ml in 8 doses, and; Patient 4 - 300ml |
Not Defined |
All patients showed a decrease in viral load and absorption in lung consolidation/opacities/infiltrative lesions. After COVID-19 recovery, Patient 2 was suggested oxygen therapy and Patient 3 was given separate medical care for underlying diseases. |
Joyner et al.,22 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017...
,44 Bock H. After getting vaccine, FDA says wait to donate convalescent plasma. KFOX. Available from:https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/after-getting-vaccine-fda-says-wait-to-donate-convalescent-plasma. [Cited 21 December 2020]. https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/after-gett...
|
20,000 |
Not Defined |
Not Defined |
200 - 500ml |
Not Defined |
The overall 7-day mortality rate was 12.96% with < 1% of all plasma transfusion cases experiencing serious adverse events, including TACO, TRALI, and transfusion-related reactions. |
Perotti et al.,88 Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1814-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721...
|
46 |
Antibiotics, Hydroxychloroquine, Anticoagulants |
Not Defined |
Variable doses of 250 - 300ml |
1:80 to 1:640 |
Out of 46 patients, 3 were deceased within 7-day period from transfusion (patients had serious comorbidities and low PaO/FiO2 ratio). In the case of the other patients, a significant reduction in lung infiltrate and viral load was observed. |
Salazar et al.,66 South Africa coronavirus variant: what is the risk? BBC News. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55534727. [Cited 5 January 2021]. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55534727...
|
25 |
Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Ribavirin, Lopinavir-Ritonavir |
10 days (median) after onset |
300ml |
≤ 1:1350 |
Out of 25 patients, one patient was deceased, while the secondary endpoint improvement in patient outcome was based on the improvement in the modified six-point WHO ordinal scale on day 14 after transfusion. |
|
Agarwal et al.,22 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017...
|
235 |
Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Oseltamivir, broad spectrum antibiotics and immunomodulators |
Not Defined |
2 doses of 200ml |
160 patients received detectable titers (≥ 1:80 titer was received by 67) and 64 patients received undetectable titers |
Over a period of 7 days post-transfusion, average levels of inflammatory markers showed no statistically significant difference between the two arms. The plasma intervention group showed a 15% mortality rate, compared to 14% mortality rate in the control group. Moreover, the WHO ordinal scale scores for clinical improvement did not differ between the two arms. |
|
Simonovich et al.,22 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017...
|
228 |
Antiviral agents and Glucocorticoids |
8 days (median) after onset |
500 ml (median) |
1:800 to 1:3200 |
The 30-day mortality rate was 10.96% for plasma group, compared to 11.43% for the placebo group. Aside from that, infusion-related adverse events were more common in the plasma group (4.8%) than in the placebo group (1.9%). Overall, COVID-19 patients did not receive any significant clinical benefit upon plasma transfusion. |