Epidemiological Profile of Neonates in Hearing Screening at a Maternity of a Tertiary Hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Lopes, Juan Diego Gimenes; Dallegrave, Carolina Disconzi; Delfino, Nadine Hellmann; Lauxen, Rúbia; Marcelino, Taise; Zappelini, Carlos Eduardo Monteiro

doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770918

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International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

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Original Research • iao 27 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770918 copy

Epidemiological Profile of Neonates in Hearing Screening at a Maternity of a Tertiary Hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

The newborn hearing screening (NHS) test aims the early diagnostic of hearing deficits that may also harm the full development of communication and learning of the affected child.

Objective

Trace the clinical and epidemiological profile of children born between July 2016 and July 2019; in addition to the outcome of the NHSs and factors related to failure in the hearing tests at a maternity of a tertiary hospital in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods

The present is a cross-sectional study. A census of those born in the period defined for study was performed and a script was developed for the review of medical records, based on the literature.

Results

The sample can be considered homogeneous in relation to gender and age. The pregnant women had an average of 30.9 years. There were 30 neonates (1.9%) that did not undergo NHS. New evaluations were required in 288 patients (18.2%). Finally, 24 (1.5% of the population) remained with insufficient results in the retest. The following variables achieved statistical relevance with higher failure rates in tests and/or retests: natural delivery (p = 0.007), arterial hypertension present (p = 0.002), use of hydralazine (p = 0.038), and use of dipyrone in the test (p = 0.041) and retest (p = 0.003). Younger mothers had higher levels of normality in the test (p = 0.003) and retest (p = 0.161). The correlations between the other variables and the outcomes were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

False positives (62.8%) in the first test showed a value higher than the ideal goal; those who did not undergo the NHS (1.9%) and who needed evaluation by a specialist, due to failure in the retest (1.5%), are within the quality goals defined by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) in 2007.

Keywords
neonatal screening; otoacoustic emissions; hearing loss

VARIABLES			N	%
Gender
		Male	839	53.0
		Female	733	46.3
		U^a	11	0.7
Weight (g)
		Low	140	8.8
		Eutrophic	1,355	85.6
		High	65	4.1
		U^a	23	1.5
Height (cm)
		30–40	36	2.2
		41–50	1,261	79.7
		> 50	226	14.3
		U^a	60	3.8
Apgar score
	1 minute	Changed	18	1.1
		Normal	1,514	95.6
		U^a	51	3.3
	5 minutes	Changed	05	0.3
		Normal	1,528	96.5
		U^a	50	3.2
Type of delivery
		Preterm	198	12.5
		Term	1,197	75.6
		Postterm	02	0.1
		U^a	186	11.7
Cephalic perimeter (cm)
		≤ 32	184	11.6
		≥ 33	1331	84.1
		U^a	68	4.3

VARIABLES			TEST
			NORMAL		ALTERED
			N	%	N	%	p
Gender
		Male	651	51.9	170	59.4	0.064
		Female	604	48.1	116	40.6
Height (cm)
		30–40	26	2.2	06	2.2	0.065
		41–50	1,012	85.0	228	85.1
		> 50	152	12.8	34	12.7
Weight (g)
		Low	119	9.5	17	6.1	0.320
		Eutrophic	1,078	86.3	252	90.0
		High	52	4.2	11	3.9
Apgar score
	1 minute	Altered	14	1.1	04	1.4	0.438
	1 minute	Normal	1,208	98.9	275	98.6
	5 minutes	Altered	03	0.2	02	0.7	0.769
	5 minutes	Normal	1,220	99.8	277	99.3
Cephalic perimeter (cm)
		≤ 32	152	12.5	27	9.9	0.358
		≥ 33	1,060	87.5	246	90.1
Parturition
		Caesarean	1,117	89.0	236	82.2	0.007*
		Vaginal	138	11.0	51	17.8
Type of birth
		Preterm	160	14.5	33	12.5	0.817
		Term	942	85.3	231	87.5
		Postterm	2	0.2	0	0.0
Maternal age (years)
		≤ 19	19	1.5	1	0.3	0.003*
		20–35	992	78.9	237	82.3
		> 35	247	19.6	50	17.4

VARIABLES			RETEST						p-value
			NORMAL		ALTERED		NOT PERFORMED
			N	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
		Male	111	62.0	14	53,8	172	52.2	0.053*
		Female	68	37.9	12	46,2	651	47,8	0.053*
height (cm)
		30–40	03	1.7	1	4.2	31	2.4	0.900
		41–50	148	85.1	21	87.5	1,093	84.8
		> 50	23	13.2	2	8.3	165	12.8
Weight (g)
		Low	10	5.6	2	8.0	128	9.4	0.379
		Eutrophic	165	91.7	22	88.0	1,168	86.2
		High	5	2.8	1	4.0	59	4.4
Apgar score
	1° min	Altered	1	0.6	0	0.0	17	1.3	0.599
	1° min	Normal	178	99.4	26	100.0	1,310	98.7	0.599
	5° min	Altered	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.4	0.679
	5° min	Normal	179	100	26	100.0	1,323	99.6	0.679
Cephalic perimeter (cm)
		≤ 32	14	7.9	3	12.5	167	12.7	0.178
		≥ 33	164	92.1	21	87.5	1,147	87.3	0.178
Parturition		Caesarean	149	83.2	23	88.5	1,203	88.3	0.125
		Vaginal	30	16.8	3	11.5	159	11.7	0.125
Type of birth
		Preterm	19	11	4	16.0	175	14.6	0.728
		Term	154	89	21	84.0	1,022	85.2
		Postterm	0	0.0	0	0.0	2		0.2
Maternal age (years)
		< 19	1	0.5	0	0.0	21	1.5	0.161
		20–35	150	83.9	17	65.4	1,077	78.8
		> 35	28	15.6	9	34.6	269	19.7

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[1] Address for correspondence Juan Diego Gimenes Lopes, Medical School Student. Rua Antônio Hulse, 53, apto. 102, Bairro Dehon – Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil (e-mail: juangimeneslopes@gmail.com).