Yamada et al.1919 Schwenzer-Zimmerer K, Chaitidis D, Berg-Boerner I, et al.
Quantitative 3D soft tissue analysis of symmetry prior to and after unilateral cleft
lip repair compared with non-cleft persons (performed in Cambodia). J
Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008;36:431-438
|
Japan |
1 |
3-D reconstruction with computerized analysis of models |
4 mo |
2 mo |
Not used |
Unilateral complete |
Nasal width reduced with improved symmetry; reduction of
columellar angle |
Nasal width, height and length; axial, frontal and side
angles; no nostril measurements |
Liou et al55 Liou EJW, Subramanian M, Chen PKT, Huang CS. The progressive changes
of nasal symmetry and growth after nasoalveolar molding: a three-year follow-up
study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;114:858-864
|
Taiwan |
25 |
Photogrammetry |
Newborns (operated at 3 mo of age) |
Up to 3 y (annual revaluations) |
Preoperative nasoalveolar molding |
Unilateral complete |
Significant improvement of nostril symmetry after surgery;
vertical nostril growing and nasal domus significantly lower at cleft
side |
Nostril width and height; nasal domus and columellar
height |
Pai et al1818 Seidenstricker-Kink LM, Becker DB, Govier DP, DeLeon VB, Lo LJ, Kane
AA. Comparative osseous and soft tissue morphology following cleft lip repair. Cleft
Palate Craniofac J 2008;45:511-517
|
Taiwan |
57 |
Photogrammetry |
3 mo |
Up to 1 y |
Preoperative nasoalveolar molding |
Unilateral complete
(n = 34); unilateral
incomplete (n = 23) |
Improved symmetry after surgery; differences in nostril width
(10%), height (20%), and
columellar angle (4.7%) between pre- and
postoperative |
Nostril width, height and columellar angle |
Seidenstricker-Kink et al2020 Nechala P, Mahoney J, Farkas LG. Digital two-dimensional
photogrammetry: a comparison of three techniques of obtaining digital photographs.
Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:1819-1825
|
Taiwan |
26 (7 excluded because loosing data); overall
19 |
3-D computerized tomography |
3 mo
(025 y + 0.06) |
10 mo |
Not used |
Unilateral complete |
Preoperative nasal and cleft nostril wider than postoperative;
improved nostril symmetry after surgery |
Columellar length and nostril width |
Schwenzer-Zimmerer et al2121 Ettorre G, Weber M, Schaaf H, Lowry JC, Mommaerts MY, Howaldt HP.
Standards for digital photography in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery-Part I: Basic
views and guidelines. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34:65-73
|
Cambodia |
11 |
3-D surface laser scanner |
From 12 to 41 y (13.8 average) |
6 mo after surgery |
Preoperative nasoalveolar molding (9 patients);
lip taping (all) |
Unilateral complete |
Improvement of nostril symmetry after surgery
(43%) |
Nostril width, cleft width, and columellar length |