The Role of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adolescents: A Case-Control Study

Jalali, Mir Mohammad; Dalili, Setila; Koohmanaee, Shahin; Rad, Samira

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1742241

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International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

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Original Research • iao 27 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742241 copy

The Role of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adolescents: A Case-Control Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated components were reported as a possible cause of inner ear dysfunction. However, research about the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on hearing thresholds are conducted mainly in adult patients.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate auditory function in adolescents with MetS compared with healthy controls.

Methods

One hundred adolescents with metabolic syndrome and 200 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited from a university pediatric endocrine clinic from May 2018 to July 2020. Hearing loss was defined as hearing level ≥ 15 dB at speech frequency (SFHL) or high frequency (HFHL) in one or both ears. A multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis examined the correlation between MetS components and several important demographic characteristics, and hearing loss.

Results

A total of 165 (55.0%) boys and 135 (45.0%) girls participated in this study. The rates of SFHL and HFHL in adolescents with MetS were 32.0% and 51.0%, respectively. Those values for controls were 5.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The regression analysis showed high triglycerides as a significant predictor for SFHL (odds ratio 10.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.98, 59.74). Neither predictor of interest was significant for HFHL.

Conclusion

Hypertriglyceridemia may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of SFHL. However, the strength of the association was not significant with a wide confidence interval. Also, we were unable to find an association between predictors and HFHL with the current sample size. Larger and prospective studies are recommended.

Keywords
sensorineural hearing loss; metabolic syndrome; triglycerides; adolescent

Variables (%)	Children with MetS (n = 100)	Children without MetS (n = 200)	P-value
Sex (male, %)	55.0	55.0	1.00
Passive smoker (%)	36.0	62.0	< 0.001
History of otitis (%)	23.0	12.0	0.01
Hands-free usage (%)*			< 0.001
Low	63.0	39.0
Medium	22.0	58.5
High	15.0	2.5
Body mass index (%)			< 0.001
Lean	0.0	2.5
Normal	7.0	70.0
Overweight	20.0	24.0
Obese	73.0	3.5
SFHL (%)**			< 0.001
Normal	68.0	95.0
Minimal	27.0	4.0
≥ Mild	5.0	1.0
HFHL (%)***			< 0.001
Normal	49.0	84.5
Minimal	44.0	14.5
≥ Mild	7.0	1.0

Variables	Children with MetS (n = 100)	Children without MetS (n = 200)	P-value
Diabetes mellitus (%)	86	8.0	< 0.01
Hypertension (%)	71	11.5	< 0.01
High TG (%)	84	5.5	< 0.01
Low HDL-C (%)	72	19.0	< 0.01
High WC (%)	100	17.5	< 0.01

	Speech-frequency hearing loss			High-frequency hearing loss
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Smoking	0.08	0.01, 0.63	0.02	0.44	0.17,1.16	0.10
Passive smoker	0.48	0.20, 1.14	0.10	0.56	0.27, 1.12	0.10
History of otitis	1.85	0.72, 4.77	0.20	1.27	0.54, 2.97	0.58
High hands-free usage	6.61	0.72, 60.86	0.10	2.38	0.65, 8.74	0.19
High WC	10.08	3.88, 26.19	< 0.001	4.02	2.23, 7.26	< 0.001
BMI (≥ overweight)	11.33	3.93, 32.69	< 0.001	3.50	1.91, 6.43	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	5.54	2.35, 13.05	< 0.001	3.84	2.03, 7.28	< 0.001
Hypertension	5.91	2.37, 14.75	< 0.001	3.22	1.71, 6.06	< 0.001
High TG	12.37	4.33, 35.40	< 0.001	4.07	2.20, 7.51	< 0.001
Low HDL-C	5.47	2.32, 12.90	< 0.001	2.77	1.50, 5.11	0.001
Metabolic syndrome	9.65	4.02, 23.18	< 0.001	4.64	2.59, 8.32	< 0.001

	Speech-frequency hearing loss			High-frequency hearing loss
	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P-value	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P-value
Diabetes	0.25	0.03, 1.96	0.19	1.72	0.69, 4.30	0.25
Hypertension	2.43	0.52, 11.23	0.26	1.46	0.60, 3.54	0.41
Low HDL-C	1.48	0.33, 6.61	0.61	1.14	0.46, 2.81	0.78
High TG	10.87	1.98, 59.74	0.006	2.32	0.97, 5.52	0.06
BMI (≥ overweight)	3.60	0.56, 23.10	0.18	1.01	0.31, 3.23	0.99

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[1] Address for correspondence Mir Mohammad Jalali, MD, Department of otolaryngology, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran (e-mail: mmjalali@gmail.com).