Figueiredo, et al. 20141414 Figueiredo RR, Rates MJ, Azevedo AA, Moreira RK, Penido NdeO. [Effects of the reduction of caffeine consumption on tinnitus perception]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014;80(05):416–421
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Prospective cohort |
22 patients; with history of sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus of > 6 months and daily intake of ≥150 ml
Follow-up was 30 days after reduction of caffeine intake.
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1) daily caffeine intake ≥150 ml
2) 2 subgroups: caffeine intake ≤300 ml/day and caffeine intake > 300 ml/day
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Improvement in tinnitus severity from baseline to 1-month post-reduction of caffeine (THI, reduction by ≥7 points) |
None |
OR = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.01–0.65) |
Individuals who consumed a high dose of caffeine were less prone to have improvement in tinnitus. |
Glicksman, et al. 20141515 Glicksman JT, Curhan SG, Curhan GC. A prospective study of caffeine intake and risk of incident tinnitus. Am J Med 2014; 127(08):739–743
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Prospective cohort |
65,085 women from nurse's health study II Mean age was 36.3 years
After 18 years of follow-up, 5,289 incident cases of tinnitus were reported.
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G1: 0–149 mg/day caffeine (n= 2268)
G2: 150–299 mg/day caffeine (n = 1394)
G3: 300–449 mg/day caffeine (n = 1029)
G4: 450–599 mg/day caffeine (n = 364)
G5: ≥600 mg/day caffeine (n = 234)
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Tinnitus was positive if reported for “a few days per week” or “daily” over the last 12 months (Self-reported) |
Age, hearing loss, smoking status, co-morbid conditions, medications, phobic anxiety and BMI |
G1: HR=ref
G2: HR=0.94(95%CI: 0.88–1.00)
G3: HR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84–0.98)
G4: HR = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95)
G5: HR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68–0.91)
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A gradual decrease in HR of tinnitus with increasing amount of caffeine intake (inverse dose-dependent relationship) |
McCormack, et al. 20141616 McCormack A, Edmondson-Jones M, Mellor D, et al. Association of dietary factors with presence and severity of tinnitus in a middleaged UK population. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114711
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Cross-sectional |
170,813 adults aged 40–69 years |
The number of cups of caffeinated coffee per day |
1) Persistent tinnitus if reported as “yes, now most or all of the time” or “yes, now a lot of the time”;
2) Transient tinnitus if responded by “yes, now some of the time”;
3) Bothersome tinnitus was defined as ‘severely’ or ‘moderately’ (Self-reported)
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Age, gender, socioeconomic status, noise exposure, hearing difficulty, smoking status, chronic illnesses, and BMI |
1) Persistent tinnitus OR† = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98–0.99)
2) Transient tinnitus OR† = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99)
3) Bothersome tinnitus‡ OR = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–1.01)
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Drinking more cups of coffee per day was linked to a lower chance of persistent and transient tinnitus, whereas severity of tinnitus was not associated with the amount of caffeine intake. |
Lee, et al. 2018
1212 Lee SY, Jung G, Jang MJ, et al. Association of Coffee Consumption with Hearing and Tinnitus Based on a National Population-Based Survey. Nutrients 2018;10(10):1429
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Cross-sectional |
13,448 individuals from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANFS) (2009– 2012).
Age groups were: 19–39 years (n = 4,633), 40–64 years (n = 6,631), and ≥ 65 years (n = 2,184)
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Caffeine consumption frequency was categorized into: rarely (less than once per month), monthly (1–3 times per month), weekly (1–6 times per week), and daily (once or more per day). |
1) Occurrence of tinnitus 2) Tinnitus related annoyance
Age, sex, education, parents’ educations, perceived stress, exposure to indoor second-hand smoke, current smoking, heavy drinking or related problem, menopause, chronic illnesses, history of tympanic membrane perforation, cholesteatoma and otitis media with effusion and hearing loss
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1) Tinnitus: aOR for daily caffeine consumers (19–39 years) = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.00), and aOR for daily caffeine consumers (≥65 years) = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.72,1.24), by reference to rarely consumers 2) Tinnitus related annoyance: aOR for daily caffeine consumers (19–39 years) = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.16), and aOR for daily caffeine consumers (≥65 years) = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.54,1.09), by reference to rarely consumers |
The occurrence of tinnitus and tinnitus-related annoyance were unrelated to coffee consumption among adults and elderly population. |