Achua et al. (2021) (1919 Achua JK, Chu KY, Ibrahim E, Khodamoradi K, Delma KS, Iakymenko OA, et al. Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis. World J Mens Health. 2021;39:65-74.) |
Cohort |
Miami, FL, USA |
6 |
56 (20–87) |
Autopsy |
La Marca et al. (2020) (4343 La Marca A, Busani S, Donno V, Guaraldi G, Ligabue G, Girardis M. Testicular pain as an unusual presentation of COVID-19: a brief review of SARS-CoV-2 and the testis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;41:903-6.) |
Case report |
Modena, Italy |
1 |
43 |
Death |
Addar et al. (2020) (2020 Addar A, Al Fraidi O, Nazer A, Althonayan N, Ghazwani Y. Priapism for 10 days in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a case report. J Surg Case Rep. 2021;2021:rjab020.) |
Case report |
Riad, Saudi Arabia |
1 |
62 |
Severe |
Lam et al. (2020) (4444 Lam G, McCarthy R, Haider R. A Peculiar Case of Priapism: The Hypercoagulable State in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7:001779.) |
Case report |
Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom |
1 |
67 |
Death |
Alkhatatbeh et al. (2020) (2121 Alkhatatbeh H, Alzaghari D, Alkhashman A, Azab M, Edwan GMA, Abufaraj M. Does severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause orchitis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Arab J Urol. 2020;18:129-33.) |
Cohort |
Zarqa, Jordan |
253 |
43 (1–78) |
Critical: 12; Severe: 48; Mild: 152; Asymptomatic: 53 |
Lamamri et al. (2021) (4545 Lamamri M, Chebbi A, Mamane J, Abbad S, Munuzzolini M, Sarfati F, et al. Priapism in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Am J Emerg Med. 2021;39:251.e5-251.e7.) |
Case report |
Le Chesnay, France |
1 |
62 |
Severe |
Best et al. (2021) (2222 Best JC, Kuchakulla M, Khodamoradi K, Lima TFN, Frech FS, Achua J, et al. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Semen and Effect on Total Sperm Number: A Prospective Observational Study. World J Mens Health. 2021;39:489-95.) |
Cohort |
Miami, FL, USA |
30 |
40 |
Hospitalized: 8 Non-hospitalized: 22 |
Lamb et al. (2020) (4646 Lamb LE, Dhar N, Timar R, Wills M, Dhar S, Chancellor MB. COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC). Med Hypotheses. 2020;145:110375.) |
Cohort |
Royal Oak, MI, USA |
4 |
68 (51–85) |
– |
Bridwell et al. (2020) (2323 Bridwell RE, Merrill DR, Griffith SA, Wray J, Oliver JJ. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with bilateral orchitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;42:260.e3-260.e5.) |
Case report |
San Antonio, TX, USA |
1 |
37 |
Mild |
Li et al. (2020) (4747 Li D, Jin M, Bao P, Zhao W, Zhang S. Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e208292. Erratum in: JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2010845.) |
Cohort |
Beijing, China |
38 |
– |
Acute phase: 23 Recovered: 15 |
Burke et al. (2021) (2424 Burke CA, Skytte AB, Kasiri S, Howell D, Patel ZP, Trolice MP, et al. A cohort study of men infected with COVID-19 for presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in their semen. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38:785-9.) |
Cohort |
Orlando, FL, USA |
18 |
32 (24–57) |
Moderate: 16; Mild: 2 |
Li H et al. (2020) (4848 Li H, Xiao X, Zhang J, Zafar MI, Wu C, Long Y, Lu W, Pan F, Meng T, Zhao K, Zhou L, Shen S, Liu L, Liu Q, Xiong C. Impaired spermatogenesis in COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Nov;28:100604.) |
Case series Cross sectional |
Wuhan, China |
23 |
40,8 ± 8,5 |
Ordinary: 14; Mild: 9 |
Can et al. (2021) (2525 Can O, Erkoç M, Ozer M, Karakanli MU, Otunctemur A. The effect of COVID-19 on lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75:e14110.) |
Cohort |
Istanbul, Turkey |
94 |
57.5±16.6 |
> 3 weeks hospitalized |
Ma et al. (2020) (4949 Ma L, Xie W, Li D, Shi L, Ye G, Mao Y, et al. Evaluation of sex-related hormones and semen characteristics in reproductive-aged male COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93:456-62.) |
Cohort |
Wuhan, China |
119 |
39 (35–44) |
Critical: 2; Severe: 14; Moderate: 100; Mild: 3 |
Carreño et al. (2021) (2626 Carreño B DV, Perez CP, Vasquez D, Oyola JA, Suarez O, Bedoya C. Veno-Occlusive Priapism in COVID-19 Disease. Urol Int. 2021;105(9-10):916-9.) |
Case report |
Bogota, Colombia |
1 |
39 |
Death |
Machado et al. (2021) (5050 Machado B, Barcelos Barra G, Scherzer N, Massey J, Dos Santos Luz H, Henrique Jacomo R, et al. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Semen-Cohort Study in the United States COVID-19 Positive Patients. Infect Dis Rep. 2021;13:96-101.) |
Cross sectional |
Arkansas, USA |
15 |
23,36 (19–43) |
– |
Çayan et al. (2020) (2727 Çayan S, Uğuz M, Saylam B, Akbay E. Effect of serum total testosterone and its relationship with other laboratory parameters on the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in SARS-CoV-2 infected male patients: a cohort study. Aging Male. 2020;23:1493-503.) |
Cohort |
Mersin, Turkey |
46 |
45,07 ± 18,28 |
ICU |
Mannur et al. (2020) (5151 Mannur S, Jabeen T, Khader MA, Rao LSS. Post-COVID-19-associated decline in long-term male fertility and embryo quality during assisted reproductive technology. QJM. 2021;114:328-30.) |
Case report |
Telangana, India |
1 |
36 |
Mild |
129 |
Hospital ward |
Mumm et al. (2020) (5252 Mumm JN, Osterman A, Ruzicka M, Stihl C, Vilsmaier T, Munker D, et al. Urinary Frequency as a Possibly Overlooked Symptom in COVID-19 Patients: Does SARS-CoV-2 Cause Viral Cystitis? Eur Urol. 2020;78:624-8.) |
Case series |
Munich, Germany |
57 |
62 (59–78) |
– |
46 |
Asymptomatic |
Nie et al. (2021) (5353 Nie X, Qian L, Sun R, Huang B, Dong X, Xiao Q, et al. Multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies. Cell. 2021;184:775-791.e14.) |
Case series |
Wuhan, China |
5 |
– |
– |
Chen et al. (2020) (2828 Chen L, Huang X, Yi Z, Deng Q, Jiang N, Feng C, et al. Ultrasound Imaging Findings of Acute Testicular Infection in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single-Center-Based Study in Wuhan, China. J Ultrasound Med. 2021;40:1787-94.) |
Cohort |
Wuhan, China |
83 |
54,2 (38–69) |
Non-Severe |
Ning et al. (2020) (5454 Ning J, Li W, Ruan Y, Xia Y, Wu X, Hu K, et al. Effects of 2019 Novel Coronavirus on Male Reproductive System: A Retrospective Study. Preprints 2020; 2020040280. [Internet]. Available at. <https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202004.0280/v1> https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202...
) |
Case series |
Wuhan, China |
112 |
55,5 (23–83) |
Severe: 72; Mild: 40 |
59 |
64 (47–78) |
Severe |
Pan et al. (2020) (5555 Pan F, Xiao X, Guo J, Song Y, Li H, Patel DP, et al. No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019. Fertil Steril. 2020;113:1135-9.) |
Cross sectional |
Wuhan, China |
34 |
37 |
– |
Dhar et al. (2020) (2929 Dhar N, Dhar S, Timar R, Lucas S, Lamb LE, Chancellor MB. De Novo Urinary Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: COVID-19-Associated Cystitis. J Clin Med Res. 2020;12:681-2.) |
Case series |
Detroit, MI, USA |
39 |
63,5 (56 - 68,75) |
– |
Paoli et al. (2020) (5656 Paoli D, Pallotti F, Colangelo S, Basilico F, Mazzuti L, Turriziani O, et al. Study of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and urine samples of a volunteer with positive naso-pharyngeal swab. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43:1819-22.) |
Case report |
Rome, Italy |
1 |
31 |
Moderate |
Duarte–Neto et al. (2020) (3030 Duarte-Neto AN, Monteiro RAA, da Silva LFF, Malheiros DMAC, de Oliveira EP, Theodoro-Filho J, et al. Pulmonary and systemic involvement in COVID-19 patients assessed with ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy. Histopathology. 2020;77:186-97.) |
Case series |
Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil |
5 |
69 (33-83) |
– |
Pavone et al. (2020) (5757 Pavone C, Giammanco GM, Baiamonte D, Pinelli M, Bonura C, Montalbano M, et al. Italian males recovering from mild COVID-19 show no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen despite prolonged nasopharyngeal swab positivity. Int J Impot Res. 2020;32:560-2.) |
Case series |
Palermo, Italy |
9 |
42 (31-60) |
Mild |
Ediz et al. (2020) (3131 Ediz C, Tavukcu HH, Akan S, Kizilkan YE, Alcin A, Oz K, et al. Is there any association of COVID-19 with testicular pain and epididymo-orchitis? Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75:e13753.) |
Cohort |
Istanbul, Turkey |
91 |
38 |
– |
Rastrelli et al. (2020) (5858 Rastrelli G, Di Stasi V, Inglese F, Beccaria M, Garuti M, Di Costanzo D, et al. Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients. Andrology. 2021;9:88-98.) |
Case series |
Florence, Italy |
4 |
74,5 (59,5–85,0) |
ICU/death |
Erbay et al. (2020) (3232 Erbay G, Sanli A, Turel H, Yavuz U, Erdogan A, Karabakan M, et al. Short-term effects of COVID-19 on semen parameters: A multicenter study of 69 cases. Andrology. 2021;9:1060-5.) |
Cohort |
Karaman, Turkey |
43 |
31.06 ± 4.2 |
Moderate |
6 |
72 (33,0–83,5) |
Respiratory ICU |
26 |
30.4 ± 4.8 |
Mild |
21 |
63 (55,0–66,5) |
Hospital ward |
Flaifel et al. (2020) (3333 Flaifel A, Guzzetta M, Occidental M, Najari BB, Melamed J, Thomas KM, et al. Testicular Changes Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145:8-9.) |
Case series |
New York, NY, USA |
10 |
49,5 (22-83) |
Death |
Rawlings et al. (2020) (5959 Rawlings SA, Ignacio C, Porrachia M, Du P, Smith DM, Chaillon A. No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Seminal Shedding Despite SARS-CoV-2 Persistence in the Upper Respiratory Tract. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa325.) |
Cohort |
San Diego, CA, USA |
6 |
(28-45) |
– |
Fraietta et al. (2021) (3434 Fraietta R, de Carvalho RC, Camillo J, Groner MF, Truzzi JCCI, Petkov CN, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is not found in human semen during mild COVID-19 acute stage. Andrologia. 2022;54:e14286.) |
Case series |
Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil |
22 |
29,5 (23–33) |
Mild: 20 Moderate: 2 |
Ruan et al. (2020) (6060 Ruan Y, Hu B, Liu Z, Liu K, Jiang H, Li H, et al. No detection of SARS-CoV-2 from urine, expressed prostatic secretions, and semen in 74 recovered COVID-19 male patients: A perspective and urogenital evaluation. Andrology. 2021;9:99-106.) |
Case series |
Wuhan, China |
55 |
31,15 ± 5,32 |
All recovered – Severe: 32; Moderate: 31; Mild: 11 |
Gacci et al. (2021) (3535 Gacci M, Coppi M, Baldi E, Sebastianelli A, Zaccaro C, Morselli S, et al. Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19. Hum Reprod. 2021;36:1520-9.) |
Cross sectional |
Florence, Italy |
43 |
(18-65) |
ICU: 5; Hospital ward: 26; non-Hospitalized: 12 |
Salonia et al. (2021) (6161 Salonia A, Pontillo M, Capogrosso P, Gregori S, Tassara M, Boeri L, et al. Severely low testosterone in males with COVID-19: A case-control study. Andrology. 2021;9:1043-52.) |
Case-control |
Milan, Italy |
34 |
67,0 (59,0–72,0) |
Deaths |
Gagliardi et al. (2020) (3636 Gagliardi L, Bertacca C, Centenari C, Merusi I, Parolo E, Ragazzo V, et al. Orchiepididymitis in a Boy With COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e200-e202.) |
Case report |
Forte dei Marmi, Italy |
1 |
14 |
Mild |
51 |
60,0 (53,0–66,0) |
Severe |
Guo et al. (2020) (3737 Guo L, Zhao S, Li W, Wang Y, Li L, Jiang S, et al. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen of a COVID-19 patient cohort. Andrology. 2021;9:42-7.) |
Prospective Cohort |
Jinan, China |
23 |
41,04 ± 11,56 |
Moderate: 5; Mild: 18 |
174 |
57,0 (49–65,5) |
Moderate |
Holtmann et al. (2020) (3838 Holtmann N, Edimiris P, Andree M, Doehmen C, Baston-Buest D, Adams O, et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study. Fertil Steril. 2020;114:233-8.) |
Cohort |
Dusseldorf, Germany |
4 |
40,8 ± 8,7 |
Moderate |
27 |
49,0 (45,0–55,0) |
Mild |
14 |
42,7 ± 10,4 |
Mild |
Silverman et al. (2021) (6262 Silverman ML, VanDerVeer SJ, Donnelly TJ. Priapism in COVID-19: A thromboembolic complication. Am J Emerg Med. 2021 Jul;45:686.e5-686.e6.) |
Case report |
Dayton, OH, USA |
1 |
68 |
Severe |
Kadihasanoglu et al. (2020) (3939 Kadihasanoglu M, Aktas S, Yardimci E, Aral H, Kadioglu A. SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Affects Male Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Prospective, Cohort Study. J Sex Med. 2021;18:256-64.) |
Cohort |
Istanbul, Turkey |
12 |
49,9 ± 12,5 |
Severe |
Song et al. (2020) (6363 Song C, Wang Y, Li W, Hu B, Chen G, Xia P, et al. Absence of 2019 novel coronavirus in semen and testes of COVID-19 patients†. Biol Reprod. 2020;103:4-6.) |
Case series |
Nanjing, China |
13 |
(22–67) |
– |
30 |
|
Moderate |
Temiz et al. (2020) (6464 Temiz MZ, Dincer MM, Hacibey I, Yazar RO, Celik C, Kucuk SH, et al. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in semen samples and the effects of COVID-19 on male sexual health by using semen analysis and serum male hormone profile: A cross-sectional, pilot study. Andrologia. 2021;53:e13912.) |
Cross sectional |
Istanbul, Turkey |
30 |
37,21 ± 8,59 |
– |
47 |
|
Mild |
Xu et al. (2020) (6565 Xu H, Wang Z, Feng C, Yu W, Chen Y, Zeng X, et al. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male sex-related hormones in recovering patients. Andrology. 2021;9:107-14.) |
Cohort |
Wuhan, China |
39 |
60 (46,5–65,5) |
Severe: 19; Moderate: 20 |
Kaya et al. (2020) (4040 Kaya Y, Kaya C, Kartal T, Tahta T, Tokgöz VY. Could LUTS be early symptoms of COVID-19. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75:e13850.) |
Cohort |
Eskisehir, Turkey |
19 |
38,9 ± 13 |
Hospitalized |
Yang et al. (2020) (6666 Yang M, Chen S, Huang B, Zhong JM, Su H, Chen YJ, et al. Pathological Findings in the Testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications. Eur Urol Focus. 2020;6:1124-9.) |
Case series |
Wuhan, China |
12 |
65 (42-87) |
Severe: 3; Moderate: 5; Mild: 2 |
Kayaaslan et al. (2020) (4141 Kayaaslan B, Korukluoglu G, Hasanoglu I, Kalem AK, Eser F, Akinci E, et al. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen of Patients in the Acute Stage of COVID-19 Infection. Urol Int. 2020;104(9-10):678-83.) |
Cohort |
Ankara, Turkey |
16 |
33,5 (18–54) |
Moderate: 5; Mild: 11 |
Zhu et al. (2020) (6767 Zhu M, Chen D, Zhu Y, Xiong X, Ding Y, Guo F, et al. Long-term sero-positivity for IgG, sequelae of respiratory symptoms, and abundance of malformed sperms in a patient recovered from severe COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021;40:1559-67.) |
Case report |
Tianmen, China |
1 |
30 |
Severe |
Kim et al. (2020) (4242 Kim J, Thomsen T, Sell N, Goldsmith AJ. Abdominal and testicular pain: An atypical presentation of COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:1542.e1-1542.e3.) |
Case report |
Boston, MA, USA |
1 |
42 |
Mild |
|