Schilling et al. 2008 (4646. Schilling D, Schlemmer HP, Wagner PH, Böttcher P, Merseburger AS, Aschoff P, et at. Histological verification of 11C-choline-positron emission/computed tomography-positive lymph nodes in patients with biochemical failure after treatment for localized prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2008; 102:446-51.) |
RP / RT |
VLP |
Retrospective |
10 |
n/r |
11C-Choline |
10,8 |
70% |
n/r
|
11 |
7 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Rinnab et al. 2008 (4747. Rinnab L, Mottaghy FM, Simon J, Volkmer BG, de Petriconi R, Hautmann RE, et at. [11C]Choline PET/CT for targeted salvage lymph node dissection in patients with biochemical recurrence after primary curative therapy for prostate cancer. Preliminary results of a prospective study. Urol Int. 2008; 81:191-7.) |
RP |
Open |
Prospective |
15 |
62,1 |
11C-Choline |
2,34 |
53,33% |
6,67% |
13,7 |
13,9 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Winter et al. 2010 (4848. Winter A, Uphoff J, Henke RP, Wawroschek F. First results of [11C]choline PET/CT-guided secondary lymph node surgery in patients with PSA failure and single lymph node recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urol Int. 2010; 84:418-23.) |
RP +LDN |
Open |
Prospective |
6 |
61,7 |
11C-Choline |
2,38 |
100,00% |
50,00% |
24 |
10 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Rigatti et al. 2011 (3131. Rigatti P, Suardi N, Briganti A, Da Pozzo LF, Tutolo M, Villa L, et at. Pelvic/retroperitoneal salvage lymph node dissection for patients treated with radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence and nodal recurrence detected by [11C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Eur Urol. 2011; 60:935-43.) |
RP |
Open |
Prospective |
72 |
66,9 |
11C-Choline |
3,7 |
83,33% |
56,94% |
39,8 |
30,6 |
2 |
75% |
19% |
34% |
Jilg et al. 2012 (2929. Jilg CA, Rischke HC, Reske SN, Henne K, Grosu AL, Weber W, et at. Salvage lymph node dissection with adjuvant radiotherapy for nodal recurrence of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2012; 188:2190-7.) |
RP / RT |
Open |
Prospective |
52 |
65 |
11C-Choline / 18F-Choline |
11,1 |
90,38% |
46,15% |
35,5 |
17 |
4 |
77,70% |
8,70% |
25,60% |
Martini et al. 2012 (1616. Martini T, Mayr R, Trenti E, Palermo S, Comploj E, Pycha A, et at. The Role of C-Choline-PET/CT-Guided Secondary Lymphadenectomy in Patients with PSA Failure after Radical Prostatectomy: Lessons Learned from Eight Cases. Adv Urol. 2012; 2012:601572.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
8 |
n/r |
11C-Choline |
1,62 |
75,00% |
12,50% |
29 |
11,5 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Osmonov et al. 2014 (4949. Osmonov DK, Aksenov AV, Boller A, Kalz A, Heimann D, Janssen I, et at. Extended salvage pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2014; 2014:321619321619.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
41 |
66,1 |
11C-Choline |
n/r |
n/r
|
n/r
|
24 |
16,6 |
n/r
|
100% |
56,1% |
n/r
|
Passoni et al. 2014 (1313. Passoni NM, Suardi N, Abdollah F, Picchio M, Giovacchini G, Messa C, et at. Utility of [11C]choline PET/CT in guiding lesion-targeted salvage therapies in patients with prostate cancer recurrence localized to a single lymph node at imaging: results from a pathologically validated series. Urol Oncol. 2014; 32:38.e9-38.e16.) |
RP |
Open |
Prospective |
46 |
61 |
11C-Choline |
0,5 |
65,22% |
n/r
|
n/r
|
13 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Suardi et al. 2015 (3232. Suardi N, Gandaglia G, Gallina A, Di Trapani E, Scattoni V, Vizziello D, et at. Long-term outcomes of salvage lymph node dissection for clinically recurrent prostate cancer: results of a single-institution series with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Eur Urol. 2015; 67:299-309.) |
RP |
Open |
Prospective |
59 |
64 |
11C-Choline |
3,95 |
79,66% |
59,32% |
76,6 |
26 |
n/r
|
89,1% |
29,40% |
52% |
Rischke et al. 2015 (5151. Rischke HC, Schultze-Seemann W, Wieser G, Krönig M, Drendel V, Stegmaier P, et at. Adjuvant radiotherapy after salvage lymph node dissection because of nodal relapse of prostate cancer versus salvage lymph node dissection only. Strahlenther Onkol. 2015; 191:310-20.) |
RP/RT |
Open |
Retrospective |
46 |
65 |
11C-Choline / 18F-Choline |
3,5 |
100,00% |
65,22% |
28,7 |
25,5 |
n/r
|
77,70% |
26,30% |
n/r
|
Claeys et al. 2015 (5353. Claeys T, Van Praet C, Lumen N, Ost P, Fonteyne V, De Meerleer G, et at. Salvage pelvic lymph node dissection in recurrent prostate cancer: surgical and early oncological outcome. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015:198543.) |
RP/RT/HIFU |
Open / Robotic/VLP |
Prospective |
17 |
65 |
11C-Choline / 18F-Choline |
2,01 |
88,24% |
17,65% |
22 |
11 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Karnes et al. 2015 (99. Karnes RJ, Murphy CR, Bergstralh EJ, DiMonte G, Cheville JC, Lowe VJ, et at. Salvage lymph node dissection for prostate cancer nodal recurrence detected by 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. J Urol. 2015; 193:111-6.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
52 |
60 |
11C-Choline |
2,2 |
n/r
|
57,69% |
20 |
21,5 |
3,5 |
92,50% |
45,50% |
46,90% |
Tilki et al. 2015 (3333. Tilki D, Mandel P, Seeliger F, Kretschmer A, Karl A, Ergün S, et at. Salvage lymph node dissection for nodal recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2015; 193:484-90.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
58 |
n/r |
18F-Choline |
9,8 |
77,59% |
22,41% |
39 |
18,6 |
n/r
|
71,10% |
0% |
35,90% |
Winter et al. 2015 (1515. Winter A, Henke RP, Wawroschek F. Targeted salvage lymphadenectomy in patients treated with radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence: complete biochemical response without adjuvant therapy in patients with low volume lymph node recurrence over a long-term follow-up. BMC Urol. 2015; 15:1010.) |
RP+LDN |
Open |
Prospective |
13 |
61 |
11C-Choline / 18F-Choline |
1,64 |
84,62% |
38,46% |
72 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Hijazi et al. 2015 (1717. Hijazi S, Meller B, Leitsmann C, Strauss A, Meller J, Ritter CO, et at. Pelvic lymph node dissection for nodal oligometastatic prostate cancer detected by 68Ga-PSMA-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Prostate. 2015; 75:1934-40.) |
RP |
Open / Robotic |
Retrospective |
17 |
71 |
68Ga PSMA |
2,9 |
n/r
|
82,35% |
3 |
10 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Osmonov et al. 2016 (5050. Osmonov DK, Aksenov AV, Trick D, Naumann CM, Hamann MF, Faddan AA, et at. Cancer-specific and overall survival in patients with recurrent prostate cancer who underwent salvage extended pelvic lymph node dissection. BMC Urol. 2016; 16:5656.) |
RP/ RP+LDN/RT |
Open |
Retrospective |
54 |
n/r |
11C-Choline |
6,7 |
n/r
|
40,74% |
42,7 |
20 |
4,1 |
80,60% |
40% |
n/r
|
Zattoni et al. 2016 (3535. Zattoni F, Nehra A, Murphy CR, Rangel L, Mynderse L, Lowe V, et at. Mid-term Outcomes Following Salvage Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer Nodal Recurrence Status Post-radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2016; 2:522-31.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
117 |
65 |
11C-Choline |
2,3 |
99,15% |
79,49% |
20,2 |
22 |
n/r
|
97% |
31% |
51% |
Porres et al. 2017 (5252. Porres D, Pfister D, Thissen A, Kuru TH, Zugor V, Buettner R, et at. The role of salvage extended lymph node dissection in patients with rising PSA and PET/CT scan detected nodal recurrence of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2017; 20:85-92.) |
RP/RT/HIFU |
Open |
Retrospective |
87 |
66,7 |
18F-Choline / 68Ga PSMA |
2,63 |
21,84% |
70,11% |
21 |
12 |
1 |
89,8%
|
27,3%
|
62,5%
|
Montorsi et al. 2017 (5454. Montorsi F, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, Suardi N, Pultrone C, De Groote R, et at. Robot-assisted Salvage Lymph Node Dissection for Clinically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2017; 72:432-8.) |
RP/PTR+LDN |
Robotic |
Retrospective |
16 |
66 |
68Ga PSMA / 18F-Choline |
1 |
68,75% |
31,25% |
12 |
16,5 |
4 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Siriwardana et al. 2017 (2020. Siriwardana A, Thompson J, van Leeuwen PJ, Doig S, Kalsbeek A, Emmett L, et at. Initial multicentre experience of 68gallium-PSMA PET/CT guided robot-assisted salvage lymphadenectomy: acceptable safety profile but oncological benefit appears limited. BJU Int. 2017; 120:673-81.) |
RP/ RP+LDN/RT |
Robotic |
Retrospective |
35 |
67 |
68Ga PSMA |
2,2 |
91,43% |
42,86% |
12 |
9 |
2 |
n/r
|
23% |
66% |
Abreu et al. 2017 (5555. Abreu A, Fay C, Park D, Quinn D, Dorff T, Carpten J, et at. Robotic salvage retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node dissection for ‘node-only’ recurrent prostate cancer: technique and initial series. BJU Int. 2017; 120:401-8.) |
RP/RT |
Robotic |
Prospective |
10 |
65 |
11C-Choline |
2,78 |
70,00% |
0,00% |
n/r
|
83 |
8 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Herlemann et al. 2017 (2121. Herlemann A, Kretschmer A, Buchner A, Karl A, Tritschler S, El-Malazi L, et at. V, Ilhan H, Bartenstein P, Stief CG, Gratzke C. Salvage lymph node dissection after 68Ga-PSMA or 18F-FEC PET/CT for nodal recurrence in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2017; 8:84180-92.) |
RP |
Open |
Prospective |
104 |
64 |
68Ga PSMA / 18F-Choline |
4,1 |
82,69% |
29,81% |
39,5 |
13 |
3 |
82,8 |
6,20% |
26,00% |
Otta-Oshiro et al. 2019 (3636. Otta-Oshiro RJ, Lista-Mateos F, García-Mediero J, Arranz-Arija JA, García-Prado J, Núñez-Mora C. Salvage lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy and positive choline positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan. Actas Urol Esp. 2019; 43:331-5.) |
RP/RT |
Open/VLP |
Retrospective |
23 |
67 |
11C-Choline |
4,63 |
n/r
|
13% |
82 |
19 |
6 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
n/r
|
Linxweiler et al. 2018 (5656. Linxweiler J, Saar M, Al-Kailani Z, Janssen M, Ezziddin S, Stöckle M, et at. Robotic salvage lymph node dissection for nodal-only recurrences after radical prostatectomy: Perioperative and early oncological outcomes. Surg Oncol. 2018; 27:138-45.) |
RP/RP+LDN |
Robotic |
Retrospective |
36 |
66 |
68Ga PSMA / 18F-Choline |
1,98 |
n/r
|
36% |
30 |
6,5 |
1 |
n/r
|
23%
|
66%
|
Fossati et al. 2019 (5757. Fossati N, Suardi N, Gandaglia G, Bravi CA, Soligo M, Karnes RJ, et at. Identifying the Optimal Candidate for Salvage Lymph Node Dissection for Nodal Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: Results from a Large, Multi-institutional Analysis. Eur Urol. 2019; 75:176-83.) |
RP/RP+RT |
Open/VLP/Robotic |
Retrospective |
654 |
66 |
68Ga PSMA / 11C-Choline |
2,1 |
n/r
|
44% |
30 |
26 |
n/r
|
n/r
|
25%
|
55%
|
Hanske et al. 2019 (3737. Hanske J, Ostholt J, Roghmann F, Müller G, Braun K, Gomez B, et al. Salvage lymph node dissection in hormone-naïve men: How effective is surgery? Urol Oncol. 2019; 37:812.e17-812.e24.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
43 |
62 |
68Ga PSMA |
0,8 |
69,47% |
18,6% |
22 |
21 |
1 |
n/r
|
6,98%
|
n/r
|
Boeri et al. 2020 (4343. Boeri L, Sharma V, Nehra A, Kwon E, Karnes RJ. The role of salvage lymph node dissection in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A single center experience. Urol Oncol. 2020; 38:38.e9-38.e16.) |
RP |
Open |
Retrospective |
23 |
n/r |
11C-Choline |
2,5 |
n/r
|
69,6% |
49,3 |
19 |
4 |
72,7% |
19,3%
|
n/r
|