Daneshman et al. (2222. Daneshmand S, Cary C, Masterson T, Einhorn L, Adra N, Boorjian SA, et al. Surgery in Early Metastatic Seminoma: A Phase II Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Seminoma With Limited Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:3009-18. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.00624. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.00624...
), 2023 (SEMS)
|
Prospective, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial |
1-3 cm, maximum 2 lymph nodes, ipsilateral, synchronous or metachronous* |
AFP, ß-hCG, LDH elevation ? 1.5x ULN |
Second primary tumor, previous CT/RT, comorbidities precluding surgery |
Right: lateral limits from right to left ureter above mesenteric artery and from right ureter to aorta below mesenteric artery Left: from left ureter to inferior vena cava above inferior mesenteric artery and from left ureter to aorta below inferior mesenteric artery |
None✝ |
Heidenreich et al. (2323. Heidenreich A, Paffenholz P, Hartmann F, Seelemeyer F, Pfister D. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Clinical Stage IIA/B Metastatic Seminoma: Results of the COlogne Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy In Metastatic Seminoma (COTRIMS). Eur Urol Oncol. 2024;7:122-7. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.06.004.), 2024 (COTRIMS)
|
Prospective, single-arm, single-center, phase 2 clinical trial |
1-5 cm, ipsilateral, synchronous or metachronous |
AFP < 5.8 kU/L ß-hCG < 5 U/L LDH < 1.5x ULN |
Previous CT |
Right: precaval, paracaval, retrocaval, interaortocaval and lateral to the common iliac vessels (crossing of the ureter as caudal boundary, the ureter as lateral boundary and renal vein as a cranial boundary) Left: preaortic area up to the inferior mesenteric artery, para-aortic, and retroaortic areas (crossing of the ureter with iliac artery as the caudal and the lateral boundaries) |
None |
Hiester et al. (2424. Hiester A, Che Y, Lusch A, Kuß O, Niegisch G, Lorch A, et al. Phase 2 Single-arm Trial of Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Seminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors with Clinical Stage IIA/B (PRIMETEST). Eur Urol. 2023;84:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.10.021.), 2023 (PRIMETEST)
|
Prospective, single-arm, single-center phase 2 clinical trial |
< 5 cm, ipsilateral, synchronous or metachronous |
Normal AFP ß-hCG < 5 U/L |
Previous scrotal or RP surgery, CT other than carboplatin, RT of the RP, psychiatric disorder, or language limitation |
The Ipsilateral ureter represented the caudal and lateral boundary of resection; the renal artery was described as the cranial and the crus of the diaphragm as the posterior resection boundary. |
None |
Ladi-Seyedian et al, (2525. Ladi-Seyedian S, Alsyouf M, Hu B, Cary C, Masterson T, Einhorn L, et al. Mp33-18 surgical and oncologic outcomes of surgery in early metastatic seminoma: Multi-institutional retrospective study. [Internet]. J Urol. 2023;209(Supplement 4). Available at. <https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000003266.18> https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/...
) 2023
|
Retrospective, single-arm, multicenter (Conference abstract) |
1-5 cm, ipsilateral, synchronous or metachronous |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Matulewicz et al. (2626. Matulewicz RS, Benfante N, Funt SA, Feldman DR, Carver B, Doudt A, et al. Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Seminoma Metastatic to the Retroperitoneum. J Urol. 2024;211:80-9. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003697. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003...
), 2024
|
Retrospective, single-arm, single-center |
CSII or relapsed CSI seminoma isolated in RP |
Normal AFP |
Previous CT and elevated AFP |
Bilateral full-template and pelvic lymph node dissection for equivocal or enlarged pelvic adenopathy |
According to final pathology |
Thor et al. (2727. Thor A, Gerdtsson A, Almas B, Halvorsen D, Cedermark GC, Neegaard H, et al. MP33-04 the early results of the swenoteca (swedish norwegian testicular cancer group) introduction of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (rplnd) in seminoma stage IIA-IIB ≤ 3cm. [Internet]. J Urol. 2023;209(Supplement 4). Available at. <https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000003266.04> https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/...
), 2023
|
Prospective, single-arm, multicenter (Conference abstract) |
CS IIA or IIB |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Warszawski et al. (2828. Warszawski N, Schmücking M. Relapses in early-stage testicular seminoma: radiation therapy versus retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1997;31:355-9. doi: 10.3109/00365599709030619. https://doi.org/10.3109/0036559970903061...
), 1997
|
Retrospective, double-arm, single-center |
CS I or II§ |
NA |
NA |
Excision of para-aortic and para-caval lymph nodes from renal pedicle to aortic bifurcation |
NA |