Recalled Experience of Death: transcending the cerebrocentric model of consciousness

Norman, Armando Henrique; Jacob, Gabriela Bley

doi:10.1590/interface.230627

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Articles • Interface (Botucatu) 28 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.230627 copy

Recalled Experience of Death: transcending the cerebrocentric model of consciousness

Rememoração da Experiência de Morte: transcendendo o modelo cerebrocêntrico da consciência

Rememoración de la Experiencia de Muerte: trascendiendo el modelo cerebrocéntrico de la conciencia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

To explore the scientific approach to Recalled Experience of Death (RED) and correlate it with the philosophical foundations of Family and Community Medicine to expand the understanding of the human consciousness. Non-systematic review on PubMed database for relevant “prospective studies” on “near-death experience”. Five prospective studies documented RED phenomenon occurrences during clinical death. RED-studies strengthen an organismic model of existence and challenge consciousness concept as epiphenomenon of brain activities. This prompts a new understanding of mind-brain relationship inspired by quantum mechanics unified informational field, i.e., consciousness as non-local. This knowledge can help healthcare professionals in dealing with patients with existential problems as in mental health, palliative care, and spiritual issues. RED-studies epitomise a pre-paradigmatic stage in the construction of a new concept of human consciousness in relation to the brain.

Keywords
Spirituality; Conscience; Near-death experience; Epistemology; Family practice

RED themes	Narratives
Separation	“I left my body…I remember being in the hospital room and realising that I was not in my body.” “I remember leaving my body and rising up to the ceiling of the room.”
Heading to a “destination.”	“I began rising… I continued [moving] for some time before I became aware of a small bright light in the distance in the direction I was headed.”
Reliving the recording of life:actions and intentions matter.	“[In my life review] I was able to re-experience myself in all events in my life.” “I could examine [my experiences] from multiple perspectives, such as the people they affected.” “Many events in my life I experienced, but not from how I remembered it, but from the point of view, I experienced it from how the people…experienced it around me.”
“Home” again.	“The traveling began to slow, and I had a sense that I was arriving somewhere.” “I knew I was home.”
The return.	“At one point, [I was] ‘told’ I wasn’t allowed to pass yet and had to ‘go back’.” “I wanted to stay in the world of love, peace, and light, but they reminded me of my responsibilities back.”
Reported effects after the experience.	“This experience has changed my life and my thinking. I am no longer afraid of dying, as I have experienced it once.” “I have been much more mindful of others. It is easier for me to put myself in other people’s shoes. It is easier for me to act out of love and compassion. However, it’s still something I put work in.”

Author	Parnia et al.⁹9 Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P. A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near-death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation. 2001;48(2):149-156. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation....	Lommel et al.¹1 Van Lommel P, Van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I. Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet. 2001;358(9298):2039-2045. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07100-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07...	Parnia et al.¹⁰10 Parnia S, Spearpoint K, de Vos G, et al. AWARE—AWAreness during REsuscitation—A prospective study. Resuscitation. 2014;85(12):1799-1805. doi: 10.1016/J.RESUSCITATION.2014.09.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESUSCITATION....	Sterz et al.¹¹11 Sterz F, Berger ML, Ruzicka G, Beisteiner R. Lapses of the Heart: Frequency and Subjective Salience of Impressions Reported by Patients after Cardiac Arrest. J Clin Med. 2023;12(5):1968. doi: 10.3390/JCM12051968/S1. https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM12051968/S1...	Parnia et al.¹²12 Parnia S, Keshavarz Shirazi T, Patel J, et al. AWAreness during REsuscitation - II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;191. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation....
Year	2001	2001	2014	2023	2023
Article	A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features, and aetiology of near-death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors.	Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands.	AWARE—AWAreness during REsuscitation—A prospective study.	Lapses of the Heart: Frequency and Subjective Salience of Impressions Reported by Patients after Cardiac Arrest.	AWAreness during REsuscitation - II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest.
Duration	1 year	8 years	4 years	7 years	5 years
Research centre	Unicentre	Multicentre	Multicentre	Unicentre	Multicentre
EVA reports	-	Witness verified EVA	Witness verified EVA	-	-
Studies’ highlight	Objects with specific images were allocated at the top of the shelves (only people with EVA experience could observe them).	Control group with statistical significance.	Objects with specific images were allocated at the top of the shelves (only people with EVA experience couldobserve them).	Notebook PC positioned above an emergency bed, facing the ceiling, displaying images selected randomly from a pool.	Use of EEG^* * Electroencephalogram and rSO2 for monitoring into CPR during in-hospital CA.

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