Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, and Insufficient Physical Activity Associated with Diabesity in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Godinho, Gabriel Alves; Valença Neto, Paulo da Fonseca; Almeida, Claudio Bispo de; Meira, Saulo Sacramento; Roriz, Beatriz Cardoso; Barbosa, Raquel dos Santos; Casotti, Cezar Augusto; Santos, Lucas dos

doi:10.36660/ijcs.20240019

Gabriel Alves Godinho

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7396-1651

Paulo da Fonseca Valença Neto

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

acquisition of data

statistical analysis

Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-5774

Claudio Bispo de Almeida

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Guanambi, BA – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-7163

Saulo Sacramento Meira

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

Universidade Estadual do Tocantins, Augustinópolis, TO – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-2083

Beatriz Cardoso Roriz

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

Universidade Estadual do Tocantins, Augustinópolis, TO – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-1290

Raquel dos Santos Barbosa

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

Faculdade Maria Milza,Governador Mangabeira, BA – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7488-2312

Cezar Augusto Casotti

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

acquisition of data

Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie, BA – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-8009

Lucas dos Santos

Conception and design of the research

analysis and interpretation of the data

writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

acquisition of data

statistical analysis

Universidade Estadual do Tocantins, Augustinópolis, TO – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-8856

Mailing Address: Lucas dos Santos Universidade Estadual do Tocantins, Campus Augustinópolis. Rua Planalto. Postal code: 77960-000. Centro, TO - Brazil. E-mail: lsantos.ed.f@gmail.com

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Editor responsible for the review: Fernando Wyss

Variables	% response	N	%
Sex	100.00
Male		87	41.20
Female		124	58.80
Marital status	100.00
With a partner		115	54.50
Without a partner		96	45.50
Education	97.60
Yes		80	38.80
No		126	61.20
Income	93.80
> 1 minimum wage		27	13.60
≤ 1 minimum wage		171	86.40
Skin color	96.70
Non-Black		149	73.00
Black		55	27.00
Level of PA	100.00
Sufficient		101	47.90
Insufficient		110	52.10
Sedentary behavior	100.00
Low		160	75.80
High		51	24.20
C. of fruits and vegetables	100.00
Yes		153	72.50
No		58	27.50
C. of eggs, beans, lentils, or soy	100.00
Yes		199	94.30
No		12	5.70
C. of meat, chicken, or fish	99.10
Yes		206	98.60
No		03	1.40
Smoking	100.00
No		191	90.50
Yes		20	9.50
Alcohol consumption	100.00
No		165	78.20
Yes		46	21.80
Hypertension	100.00
No		87	41.20
Yes		124	58.80
Diabetes mellitus	100.00
No		174	82.50
Yes		37	17.50
Obesity	100.00
No		130	61.90
Yes		80	38.10
Hypercholesterolemia	100.00
No		136	64.50
Yes		75	35.50
Diabesity	100.00
No		190	90.50
Yes		20	9.50
Occurrence of falls	98.10
No		177	85.50
Yes		30	14.50
Self-perception of health	98.10
Positive		104	50.20
Negative		103	49.80
Suspicion of CMD	100.00
No		143	67.80
Yes		68	32.20

Variables	Diabesity

	Prevalence (%)	Gross PR (95% CI)	P value
Age	-	0.87 (0.76-0.99)^#	0.186^#
Sex			0.130^#
Male	5.70	1
Female	12.20	2.12 (0.80-5.62)
Marital status			0.768
With a partner	7.80	1
Without a partner	11.60	1.48 (0.64-3.42)
Education			0.699
Yes	8.80	1
No	10.40	1.19 (0.49-2.85)
Income			0.676
> 1 minimum wage	7.40	1
≤ 1 minimum wage	10.00	1.35 (0.30-5.51)
Skin color			0.111^#
Non-Black	7.40	1
Black	14.80	2.00 (0.85-4.72)
Level of PA			0.038^#
Sufficient	5.80	1
Insufficient	14.60	2.52 (1.05-6.07)
Sedentary behavior			0.895
Low	9.40	1
High	10.00	1.06 (0.40-2.78)
C. of fruits and vegetables			0.175^#
Yes	7.80	1
No	14.00	1.79 (0.77-4.15)
C. of eggs, beans, lentils, or soy			0.003^#
Yes	8.10	1
No	33.30	4.12 (1.63-10.43)
C. of meat, chicken, or fish			0.130^#
Yes	9.30	1
No	33.30	3.95 (0.68-18.85)
Smoking			0.939
No	9.50	1
Yes	10.00	1.05 (0.26-4.22)
Alcohol consumption			0.443
No	10.40	1
Yes	6.50	0.63 (0.19-2.05)
Hypertension			0.011^#
No	2.30	1
Yes	14.60	6.36 (1.51-26.73)
Hypercholesterolemia			0.006^#
No	5.10	1
Yes	17.60	3.02 (1.24-7.33)
Occurrence of falls			0.464
No	9.10	1
Yes	13.30	1.46 (0.56-4.08)
Self-perception of health			0.064^#
Positive	5.80	1
Negative	13.70	2.38 (0.95-5.95)
Suspicion of CMD			0.414
No	8.40	1
Yes	11.90	1.42 (0.61.3,17)

Level	Variables	Diabesity

		Adjusted PR (95% CI)	P value
1	Age	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.110
	Sex		0.146
	Male	1
	Female	2.10 (0.77-5.71)
	Skin color		0.088
	Non-Black	1
	Black	2.17 (0.92-5.08)
2	Level of PA		0.044
	Sufficient	1
	Insufficient	2.55 (1.20-6.36)
	C. of eggs, beans, lentils or soy		0.182
	Yes	1
	No	2.18 (0.69-6.87)
3	Hypertension		0.037
	No	1
	Yes	5.32 (1.10-25.73)
	Hypercholesterolemia		0.033
	No	1
	Yes	2.80 (1.08-7.23)

[1] Mailing Address: Lucas dos Santos Universidade Estadual do Tocantins, Campus Augustinópolis. Rua Planalto. Postal code: 77960-000. Centro, TO - Brazil. E-mail: lsantos.ed.f@gmail.com

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Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, and Insufficient Physical Activity Associated with Diabesity in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion