Effects of Low-to-Moderate Doses of Anabolic Steroids on Lipid Profile and Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance Training Practitioners: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Tenório, Mário César Carvalho; Paz, Cláudio Luiz; Valladares, Flávia; Guimarães Junior, Marcelo; Sá, Cloud Kennedy Couto de; Correia, Luis

doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200107

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International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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Original Article • Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. 34 (5) • Sep-Oct 2021 • https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200107 copy

Effects of Low-to-Moderate Doses of Anabolic Steroids on Lipid Profile and Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance Training Practitioners: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background:

The use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is prevalent among young bodybuilders, motivated by aesthetic results. Although the medical community condemns this practice for its potential deleterious effect, we must recognize the need for more scientific research on the likelihood and magnitude of the adverse events.

Objective:

To evaluate whether high-quality, scientific evidence supports that AAS negatively affect lipid profile and promote muscle hypertrophy in resistance training practitioners.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature of randomized clinical trials was conducted in the PubMed / Medline, Scielo and Science direct databases. The searches were conducted by two independent researchers by June 2018. A significance level of 5% was considered in the analysis.

Results:

Six clinical trials involving 170 resistance training practitioners were included. A significant heterogeneity was found in studies evaluating the effects of AAS on lipid profile and muscle hypertrophy (I² = 97, 95 and 91%, respectively), with no significant effects on HDL-cholesterol (-5.62mg/dL, 95%CI −12.10, 0.86, p= 0.09), LDL-cholesterol (7.76 mg/dL, 95%CI −9.70, 25.23, p= 0.57) and muscle hypertrophy (2.44kg 95%CI 0.02, 4.86, p=0.05).

Conclusion:

Current evidence does not support that low-to-moderate doses of AAS cause serious negative effects on lipid profile or promote muscle hypertrophy in resistance training practitioners.

Keywords:
Receptors Androgen; Young Adult; Esthetics; testosterone Congeners; Resistance Training

Author	Objective / Sample (n, sex and age)	Duration and intervention	Drug/dosage	Hypertrophy	Result
Bhasin et al.(9)	To determine whether supraphysiological doses of testosterone, taken alone or in conjunction with a standardized strength training exercise program, increase strength, fat-free mass and muscle mass in normal men	RCT: 10 Weeks; 35 male practitioners (19-40 years) / 4 groups (9 PGWE, 8 SGWE, 8 PPEG, 10 SPEG); 4 control weeks, 10 weeks treatment and 16 weeks recovery	SG: Testosterone enanthate 600mg/week PG: Sesame oil	SPEG: ^↑ ↑ increase; FFM^# # hydrostatic weighing	PPEG: ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL; ^↔ ↔ no difference; TG, LDL e HB SPEG: ^↔ ↔ no difference; HDL
King et al. (10)	To determine the acute and chronic effect of oral Androstenedione on testosterone levels, skeletal muscle fiber size, strength and examine its effect on blood lipids and liver function markers.	RCT. 19 sedentary men (19-29 years); 2 groups PG:10, SG:9, RT: 8 weeks, 3x/week;	Androstenedione SG: 300mg/day PG: 250mg (rice flour)	^↔ ↔ no difference; FFM^# # hydrostatic weighing between groups	SG: ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL (12%)
Hartgens et al.(20)	To investigate the effects of two different EAA regimens on serum lipids and lipoproteins and recovery of these variables after drug withdrawal.	Study 1 (open). 35 men, 2 groups (CG+SG), SG:n=10 Use/14week, n=9. Use/14week; CG: n=16. BG performed RT. Self-administered AAS. Study 2 (RCT). 16 men (20-45 years). SG: n=9, PG: n=7. RT: 8 weeks, 7-9h/week Dosages during and 6 weeks after stopping use	Study 1. Uncontrolled doses. Stanozolol, Drostanolone, Testosterone, Clenbuterol, Testosterone cypionate, Nandrolone decanoate, etc. Study 2. SG: Nandrolone decanoate (200mg), PG: Peanut oil.	NE	Study 1. SG: ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL, ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL2, ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL3, ^↔ ↔ no difference; TG, ^↔ ↔ no difference; TC CG: ^↔ ↔ no difference; Study 2. ^↔ ↔ no difference; HDL, HDL2, HDL3 ^↔ ↔ no difference; TG, ^↔ ↔ no difference; TC
Broeder et al. (19)	To elucidate the physiological and hormonal effects of androstenediol and oral androtenedione in men	RCT. 50 men ^§ § Did not report physical activity status of participants; (35-65 years) PG: 18 GDiol: 17 GDione:15 RT: 12weeks, 3x/week	PG: Maize starch GDione: 200mg/day GDiol: 200mg/day	^↔ ↔ no difference; FFM^$ $ DEXA; between groups	^↔ ↔ no difference; HDL, ^↔ ↔ no difference; TG
Granados et al. (18)	To evaluate the effects of the use of prohormone on metabolic aspects in men	RCT. 17 men (18-35 years) GP: 8 GU: 9 RT: 4 weeks, 4x/week	PG: Maltodextrin SG: 110 mg Androstenedione, 50mg of bergamotine	SG: ^↑ ↑ increase; FFM^# # hydrostatic weighing	SG: ^↓ ↓ UN: unreported HDL, ^↑ ↑ increase; LDL
Kuipers et al (21)	To examine the effects of anabolic steroids on body composition, muscle fiber dimensions, liver function and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in experienced and healthy bodybuilders.	ECR. 14 men (18-45 years) SG: 6 PG: 8 RT: 8 weeks, 3-4x/week	PG: Placebo UN SG: 200mg/week Nandrolone Decanoate	^↑ ↑ increase; FFM	^↔ ↔ no difference; HDL, ^↔ ↔ no difference; LDL, ^↔ ↔ no difference; TG

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