Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Mundaú Lagoon (Maceió, AL-Brazil): Systematic Environmental Monitoring of Water and Food Quality

Santos, Mayara C. dos; da Silva Filho, Reginaldo C.; Leite, Ana Catarina R.; Nascentes, Clésia C.; Botero, Wander G.; Santos, Josué C. C.

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20210067

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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Article • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 32 (9) • Sept 2021 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210067 copy

Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Mundaú Lagoon (Maceió, AL-Brazil): Systematic Environmental Monitoring of Water and Food Quality

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The Mundaú lagoon (Maceió, AL), besides being relevant socially, economically, and culturally, also in its surroundings, presents an intense anthropic occupation, characterized by a large population and the industrial activities presence. In this systematic environmental monitoring study (from 2017 to 2019), concentrations of Al, As, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn in surface waters, and total Hg content in the bivalve Mytella charruana (sururu) were recorded, using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (or hydride generation) (HG/CV AFS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and chronopotentiometry. In the water samples, the following elements presented concentrations above the values recommended by the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA), in µg L⁻¹: Al (24.4−2008), Cu (1.88-13.03), Fe (84.9-4107), Hg (<0.0069-2.92), Mn (10.65-200), Pb (192-1443) and Zn (121-997), and therefore, the water was classified following the water pollution index (WPI), as highly impure and polluted. The Hg content in sururu, the main food in Mundaú lagoon, ranged from 0.036-0.63 mg kg⁻¹ (dry weight). Further, the chemometric evaluation of the data based on the principal component and correlation analysis suggested a chemical-defined profile at the different sampling points.

Keywords:
Mundaú lagoon; environmental monitoring; water quality; bivalve; potentially toxic elements

Element	CONAMA^a a,bNational Environment Council (CONAMA) for brackish water (class 1) and freshwater (class 3), respectively;	CONAMA^b a,bNational Environment Council (CONAMA) for brackish water (class 1) and freshwater (class 3), respectively;	Mean^c cresults of the present work. SD: standard deviation. ±SD (min-max) / (µg L⁻¹)
Al	100	200	380 ± 327 (24.4-2008)
As	10	33	0.74 ± 0.51 (0.080-1.86)
Bi	–	–	81.9 ± 51.3 (18.4-1265)
Cd	5	10	< 5.0
Cr	50	–	3.02 ± 1.47 (0.28-9.12)
Cu	5	13	3.23 ± 1.06 (1.88-13.0)
Fe	300	5000	820 ± 646 (84.9-4107)
Hg	0.2	0.2	0.33 ± 0.31 (< 0.0069-2.92)
Li	–	2500	18.1 ± 13.4 (0.37-66.1)
Mn	100	500	66.1 ± 28.4 (10.7-200)
Mo	–	–	2.87 ± 1.52 (0.50-5.29)
Ni	25	–	0.84 ± 0.67 (< 0.01-6.53)
Pb	10	33	779 ± 319 (192-1443)
Sb	–	5	0.65 ± 0.61 (< 0.056-5.0)
Se	10	50	0.55 ± 0.37(< 0.04-1.50)
Sn	–	–	20.6 ± 20.1 (0.44-257)
V	–	100	4.72 ± 1.16 (2.36-8.96)
Zn	90	5000	557 ± 190 (121-997)

Sampling point	WPI	Classification
P01	4.69	impure
P02	9.75	strongly impure
P03	10.27	strongly impure
P04	10.55	strongly impure
P05	5.65	impure
P06	10.37	strongly impure
P07	12.86	strongly impure
P08	9.93	strongly impure
P09	5.15	impure
P10	5.72	impure

Point^a aP: sampling point;	Condition^b bdry (D) and wet (W) weight;	Hg concentration / (mg kg⁻¹)
Point^a aP: sampling point;	Condition^b bdry (D) and wet (W) weight;	SS1^c cSS: sururu sampling point. LOD: limit of detection.	SS2	SS3	SS4
P01	D	–	0.34 ± 0.05	–	–
P01	W	–	0.072 ± 0.006	–	–
P02	D	–	0.40 ± 0.06	–	0.63 ± 0.10
P02	W	–	0.086 ± 0.005	–	0.14 ± 0.08
P03	D	0.43 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.01	–	0.39 ± 0.08
P03	W	0.091 ± 0.010	0.063 ± 0.005		0.085 ± 0.009
P04	D	–	–	–	0.050 ± 0.004
P04	W		–	–	< LOD
P05	D	-	0.28 ± 0.07	0.17 ± 0.01	0.040 ± 0.002
P05	W	-	0.066 ± 0.007	0.038 ± 0.004	< LOD
P06	D	0.26 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02	0.082 ± 0.011	0.170 ± 0.006
P06	W	0.057 ± 0.005	0.062 ± 0.004	0.023 ± 0.003	0.041 ± 0.005
P07	D	–	–	0.090 ± 0.010	0.050 ± 0.005
P07	W	–	–	0.025 ± 0.003	< LOD
P08	D	–	–	–	0.036 ± 0.005
P08	W	–	–	–	< LOD
P09	D	–	–	–	–
P09	W	–	–	–	–
P10	D	–	–	0.18 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.04
P10	W	–	–	0.041 ± 0.004	0.047 ± 0.005

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