Determination of Lead in Eye Shadow and Blush by High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Employing Direct Solid Sampling

Direct solid sampling is proposed for Pb determination in eye shadow and blush samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS). A mixture of Pd(NO₃)₂ + Mg(NO₃)₂ was employed as chemical modifier, and aqueous calibration (0.25-2.5 ng Pb, r = 0.998) was obtained. Accuracy of the determination of Pb in eye shadow and blush samples by the proposed method was verified by line source graphite furnace AAS as a comparative technique employing digested samples. The results obtained by the two methods were in agreement at a 95% confidence level (paired t-test). The limit of quantification (dry mass) was 0.020 ng mg^–1. The Pb content in the eye shadow and blush samples varied between 1.222 and 9.632 ng mg^–1 and 0.362 and 28.091 ng mg^–1, respectively.

lead; cosmetics; direct solid sampling