PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Soils: a Study of Case in the City of Belo Horizonte-MG

Pussente, Igor C.; Dam, Guillaume ten; Leeuwen, Stefan van; Augusti, Rodinei

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20160238

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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Article • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 28 (5) • May 2017 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160238 copy

PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Soils: a Study of Case in the City of Belo Horizonte-MG

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) are substances that represent a global concern due to their ubiquitous presence and toxicity. Industrial processes and other human activities as well as uncontrollable accidents are the main sources that release these pollutants into the environment. The presence of these compounds has been reported in soils from Europe, Asia and Africa, but currently, there is not much information of dioxin levels in soils from Brazil. This paper presents the levels of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) in soils collected from urban areas of Belo Horizonte city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Total toxic equivalents (TEQ) observed ranged from 0.43 to 4.54 ng TEQ kg^-1 d.m. The highest concentration TEQ found was 2.68 (± 1.63) ng TEQ kg^-1 d.m. The low total TEQ achieved suggests that the locations evaluated are not being affected by possible sources of dioxin emissions, although Belo Horizonte is surrounded by a number of them.

Keywords:
PCDD/Fs; dioxin-like PCBs; urban soil; distribution pattern

Sample Product	Blank	Blank spiked	DQ-1 soil	DQ-2 soil	DQ-3 soil	CS-1 soil	CS-2 soil	CS-3 soil	PC-1 soil	PC-2 soil	PC-3 soil	PR-1 soil	PR-2 soil	PR-3 soil	BV-1 soil	BV-2 soil	BV-3 soil	AL-1 soil	AL-2 soil	AL-3 soil
PCDD/Fs / (ng kg^-1 d.m.)	TEF WHO₂₀₀₅
2,3,7,8-TCDF	0.1	0.04	0.17	0.42	0.46	0.43	0.34	0.32	0.27	0.53	0.18	0.27	0.46	0.29	0.35	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.20	0.27	0.32
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF	0.03	< 0.02	0.32	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.34	0.26	0.21	0.59	0.14	0.22	0.37	0.29	0.35	0.16	0.22	0.21	0.24	0.32	0.37
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF	0.3	< 0.02	0.32	0.35	0.61	0.36	0.40	0.27	0.28	0.94	0.19	0.27	0.33	0.21	0.31	0.13	0.19	0.15	0.19	0.26	0.27
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF	0.1	< 0.01	0.33	0.32	2.07	0.33	0.40	0.32	0.32	1.11	0.21	0.35	0.45	0.31	0.45	0.18	0.26	0.16	0.23	0.30	0.31
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF	0.1	< 0.01	0.32	0.29	1.26	0.32	0.41	0.31	0.30	0.93	0.20	0.29	0.41	0.32	0.49	0.17	0.22	0.16	0.25	0.32	0.33
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF	0.1	< 0.01	0.35	0.39	1.96	0.39	0.5	0.36	0.21	1.32	0.27	0.41	0.50	0.44	0.70	0.23	0.28	0.17	0.33	0.35	0.44
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF	0.1	< 0.01	0.32	< 0.16	< 0.80	< 0.14	< 0.27	< 0.20	< 0.12	< 0.29	< 0.07	< 0.12	0.39	0.53	0.55	0.21	0.37	0.40	0.46	0.52	0.58
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF	0.01	< 0.01	0.37	1.75	21.1	1.58	3.00	2.29	1.81	6.46	1.86	2.31	5.19	6.11	7.43	1.59	1.30	0.79	3.08	3.88	4.51
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF	0.01	< 0.01	0.34	0.13	2.62	0.13	0.25	0.20	0.18	0.60	0.16	0.21	0.37	0.41	0.61	0.14	0.11	0.07	0.21	0.30	0.29
OCDF	0.0003	< 0.02	0.73	1.63	28.9	1.54	5.91	4.95	2.42	6.79	3.93	5.57	17.8	25.6	25.8	2.21	1.50	0.77	11.70	19.5	17.7
2,3,7,8-TCDD	1	< 0.01	0.13	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	< 0.03	< 0.06	0.05	0.02	< 0.03	0.05	0.04	0.06	< 0.02	< 0.03	< 0.04	< 0.04	< 0.04	0.03
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD	1	< 0.02	0.34	0.14	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.10	0.09	0.26	0.09	0.13	0.19	0.18	0.36	0.07	0.09	0.06	0.12	0.13	0.18
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD	0.1	< 0.02	0.34	0.13	0.34	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.43	0.17	0.15	0.23	0.25	0.76	0.10	0.07	0.05	0.13	0.13	0.20
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD	0.1	< 0.02	0.34	0.52	1.02	0.39	0.39	0.31	0.23	1.52	0.64	0.62	1.00	1.30	2.76	0.40	0.33	0.25	1.00	0.76	1.73
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD	0.1	< 0.02	0.34	0.40	0.57	0.28	0.35	0.30	0.16	0.88	0.35	0.37	1.03	1.66	2.59	0.32	0.32	0.29	0.87	1.08	1.37
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD	0.01	0.01	0.35	16.9	30.2	10.6	7.73	6.08	6.89	92.8	70.6	38.8	44.6	76.4	181	21.6	11.8	5.09	69.9	26.8	104
OCDD	0.0003	0.03	0.73	83.9	144	61.1	54.2	43.7	46.3	584	1260	328	402	779	3860	201	97.6	46.5	334	238	419
WHO2005-PCDD/F-TEQ (lb)	0.00	0.83	0.75	1.75	0.65	0.70	0.49	0.44	2.46	1.48	0.97	1.43	1.87	4.44	0.58	0.51	0.34	1.37	0.98	2.04
WHO2005-PCDD/F-TEQ (ub)	0.05	0.83	0.76	1.83	0.67	0.73	0.54	0.51	2.49	1.49	1.02	1.43	1.87	4.44	0.60	0.54	0.38	1.41	1.02	2.04
dl-PCB's / (ng kg^-1 d.m.)
PCB 81	0.0003	0.03	9.11	1.28	1.80	1.25	0.80	0.76	0.28	0.94	0.38	0.36	0.25	0.19	0.19	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.15	0.15	0.21
PCB 77	0.0001	0.43	9.57	32.2	44.7	29.2	16.9	14.9	5.30	16.8	11.6	10.1	4.07	3.81	3.58	1.90	1.77	1.84	2.51	2.83	3.47
PCB 126	0.1	< 0.03	8.59	7.61	8.43	5.25	1.53	1.26	0.83	2.83	3.13	2.78	0.94	0.82	0.90	0.40	0.39	0.40	0.54	0.61	0.69
PCB 169	0.03	0.03	9.42	0.94	1.14	0.69	0.21	0.17	0.16	0.44	0.23	0.27	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.13	0.17	0.16
PCB 123	0.00003	< 3.27	227	< 9.03	< 17.9	< 6.61	< 4.96	< 5.31	< 5.03	< 5.53	< 3.63	< 4.32	< 3.16	< 2.82	< 5.95	< 3.04	< 3.81	< 2.96	< 3.41	< 3.30	< 3.96
PCB 118	0.00003	< 8.32	220	269	798	202	145	153	53.2	124	153	106	32.1	36.4	30.8	14.1	14.9	18.2	25.8	26.8	23.0
PCB 114	0.00003	< 2.77	227	< 8.13	16.5	< 5.24	< 4.55	< 4.61	< 4.52	< 5.12	< 3.54	< 4.13	< 2.82	< 2.76	< 6.43	< 3.53	< 3.72	< 2.82	< 3.28	< 3.14	< 3.83
PCB 105	0.00003	< 3.32	228	112	260	77.2	68.9	73.5	28.4	70.4	81.0	57.8	16.6	17.9	16.2	6.69	8.72	8.65	12.6	12.7	13.0
PCB 167	0.00003	< 1.66	228	59.9	114	52.9	11.1	12.8	7.43	15.9	16.3	13.3	4.74	4.46	4.59	2.43	< 3.19	< 3.04	2.50	3.03	< 2.86
PCB 156	0.00003	3.60	222	111	191	96.5	25.1	26.7	15.8	32.3	35.5	28.2	10.9	10.3	10.5	5.03	5.74	6.65	7.38	7.36	5.00
PCB 157	0.00003	< 1.58	227	18.6	31.8	14.00	6.58	7.45	5.36	8.90	9.28	7.40	< 3.46	< 4.57	< 4.49	< 2.83	< 3.32	< 3.25	< 2.60	< 2.95	< 3.13
PCB 189	0.00003	< 1.38	226	20.3	28.5	22.4	2.22	2.24	1.96	< 3.41	2.42	2.08	< 1.74	< 2.55	< 2.90	< 3.36	< 1.28	< 1.58	< 1.32	< 1.64	< 1.76
WHO2005-dl-PCB-TEQ (lb)	0.00	1.20	0.81	0.93	0.56	0.17	0.14	0.09	0.31	0.33	0.29	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.08
WHO2005-dl-PCB-TEQ (ub)	0.00	1.20	0.81	0.93	0.56	0.17	0.14	0.09	0.31	0.33	0.29	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.08
WHO2005-PCDD/F-dl-PCB-TEQ (lb)	0.01	2.03	1.56	2.68	1.21	0.87	0.63	0.53	2.77	1.81	1.27	1.53	1.96	4.54	0.62	0.56	0.38	1.43	1.05	2.12
WHO2005-PCDD/F-dl-PCB-TEQ (ub)	0.06	2.03	1.57	2.76	1.23	0.90	0.68	0.60	2.80	1.82	1.31	1.53	1.96	4.54	0.64	0.59	0.43	1.47	1.09	2.12
ndl-PCB's / (µg kg^-1 d.m.)
PCB 028	< 0.03	0.26	0.05	0.13	0.06	0.14	0.19	< 0.05	0.11	< 0.03	0.03	< 0.04	< 0.03	< 0.03	< 0.03	< 0.04	< 0.03	< 0.03	< 0.04	interf.
PCB 052	< 0.03	0.26	0.04	0.31	< 0.05	0.11	0.14	< 0.07	< 0.04	0.03	< 0.04	< 0.03	< 0.05	< 0.03	< 0.04	< 0.03	< 0.03	< 0.06	< 0.03	< 0.06
PCB 101	< 0.05	0.25	0.39	1.10	0.38	0.14	0.16	< 0.08	< 0.07	0.12	0.07	< 0.07	< 0.04	< 0.05	< 0.04	< 0.07	< 0.04	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.06
PCB 153	< 0.02	0.25	1.11	2.73	1.07	0.14	0.15	0.08	0.19	0.20	0.16	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	< 0.04
PCB 138	< 0.02	0.26	0.94	1.88	0.89	0.18	0.19	0.11	0.22	0.25	0.21	0.06	0.07	0.07	< 0.05	< 0.05	0.04	< 0.04	0.05	< 0.05
PCB 180	< 0.02	0.25	0.78	1.33	0.92	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.05	0.05	< 0.06	< 0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	< 0.03
Total ndl-PCBs (lb)	0.00	1.53	3.31	7.48	3.31	0.78	0.90	0.26	0.63	0.69	0.56	0.17	0.20	0.20	0.03	0.03	0.12	0.07	0.12	0.00
Total ndl-PCBs (ub)	0.17	1.53	3.31	7.48	3.36	0.78	0.90	0.46	0.74	0.72	0.60	0.31	0.32	0.31	0.25	0.24	0.22	0.25	0.24	1.33

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