Maturation and Maceration Effects on Tropical Red Wines Assessed by Chromatography and Analysis of Variance - Principal Component Analysis

Barbará, Janaína A.; Silva, Érica A. S.; Biasoto, Aline C. T.; Gomes, Adriano A.; Correa, Luiz C.; Leão, Patrícia C. S.; Zini, Cláudia A.

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20190032

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Article • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 30 (7) • July 2019 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190032 copy

Maturation and Maceration Effects on Tropical Red Wines Assessed by Chromatography and Analysis of Variance - Principal Component Analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Effects of grape maturity, maceration length during winemaking and interaction of both of them on physicochemical parameters, phenolic and volatile composition were investigated in tropical Syrah wines with the aim of finding the best conditions to produce wines that are rich in phenols and positive aroma active compounds. A headspace solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method was improved and validated for the analysis of 41 volatiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)-PCA coupled with inspection of statistically significant loadings were important to access the effects of maturation and maceration on wine composition. Wines made from riper grapes (21-23 ºBrix) stood out in relation to color intensity, total phenolic compounds, and presented high levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, procyanidin A2, and linalool (floral). Thirty days of maceration were linked to higher levels of some flavan-3-ols, gallic acid, a few esters (fruity) and alcohols, (E)-nerolidol (floral), while nonanoic acid (unpleasant aroma) reduced its concentration with prolonged maceration.

Keywords:
Brazilian red wine; Vitis vinifera L. Syrah wines; analysis of variance; principal component analysis; volatile compounds; phenolic compounds; Submiddle São Francisco Valley

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Parameter	Ripeness level	Maceration time			Averages of the different ripeness levels (T₁, T₂ and T₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.
Parameter	Ripeness level	10 days (M₁)	20 days (M₂)	30 days (M₃)
(a) Total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) / (mg L^-1)	T₁	145 ± 10	105 ± 27		125
	T₂	216 ± 14	198 ± 15	170 ± 19	195
	T₃	233 ± 29	235 ± 10	188 ± 24	219
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	198	179	179
(b) Total phenolic compounds (TPC) / (mg L^-1)	T₁	1375 ± 216	1441 ± 140		1408
	T₂	1669 ± 324	1581 ± 253	1703 ± 226	1651
	T₃	2209 ± 167	2095 ± 119	2018 ± 35	2108
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1751	1706	1861
(c) pH	T₁	3.41 ± 0.09	3.33 ± 0.04		3.37
	T₂	3.29 ± 0.03	3.36 ± 0.10	3.41 ± 0.05	3.35
	T₃	3.39 ± 0.02	3.48 ± 0.11	3.48 ± 0.11	3.45
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	3.36	3.39	3.45
(d) Total polyphenol index (TPI)	T₁	41 ± 2	42 ± 2		42
	T₂	60 ± 4	62 ± 5	56 ± 3	59
	T₃	66 ± 2	63 ± 2	65 ± 2	65
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	56	56	60
(e) Color intensity (CI, 420 + 520 + 620 nm)	T₁	10.5 ± 0.4	9.1 ± 0.5		9.8
	T₂	13.1 ± 1.9	12.8 ± 3.3	11.4 ± 1.6	12.4
	T₃	13.8 ± 0.6	13.8 ± 0.5	13.4 ± 0.6	13.7
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	12.5	11.9	12.4
(f) Alcohol content / %v/v	T₁	11.5 ± 0.6	11.5 ± 0.4		11.5
	T₂	14.3 ± 1.8	14.1 ± 1.3	13.8 ± 1.2	14.1
	T₃	14.6 ± 0.6	14.6 ± 0.9	14.6 ± 0.7	14.6
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	13.5	13.4	14.2
(g) Total titratable acidity (TA) / (g L^-1)	T₁	8.8 ± 1.6	8.9 ± 0.9		8.8
	T₂	7.9 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.6	7.7 ± 0.3	7.6
	T₃	7.1 ± 0.2	6.6 ± 0.4	6.4 ± 0.04	6.7
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	7.9	7.6	7.0
(h) Dry extract / (g L^-1)	T₁	26 ± 4	19 ± 2		23
	T₂	27 ± 3	26 ± 2	26 ± 3	26
	T₃	35 ± 3	35 ± 5	34 ± 1	35
	averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	30	27	30

No.	Phenolic compound	Ripeness level	Maceration time			Average of the different ripeness levels (T₁, T₂ and T₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.
No.	Phenolic compound	Ripeness level	10 days (M₁)	20 days (M₂)	30 days (M₃)
Stilbene / (mg L^-1)
I	trans-resveratrol	T₁	0.28 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.19		0.36
		T₂	0.88 ± 0.08	0.60 ± 0.10	0.48 ± 0.10	0.65
		T₃	0.60 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.12	0.60 ± 0.14	0.54
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	0.59	0.49	0.54
Phenolic acid / (mg L^-1)
II	gallic acid	T₁	9.73 ± 1.96	14.15 ± 2.65		11.94
		T₂	10.03 ± 0.29	14.28 ± 2.71	18.18 ± 4.35	14.16
		T₃	11.72 ± 2.63	12.95 ± 1.31	18.20 ± 1.20	14.29
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	10.49	13.79	18.19
III	caffeic acid	T₁	11.80 ± 1.70	11.23 ± 1.03		11.52
		T₂	14.50 ± 0.52	13.97 ± 0.80	13.63 ± 4.35	14.03
		T₃	14.88 ± 2.88	11.65 ± 0.26	13.43 ± 1.73	13.32
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	13.73	12.28	13.53
IV	ferulic acid	T₁	1.62 ± 0.31	1.68 ± 0.08		1.65
		T₂	2.50 ± 0.76	2.57 ± 0.40	2.48 ± 0.03	2.52
		T₃	3.03 ± 0.60	2.42 ± 0.03	3.10 ± 0.42	2.85
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	2.38	2.22	2.79
V	chlorogenic acid	T₁	2.55 ± 0.39	3.23 ± 0.43		2.89
		T₂	4.18 ± 0.95	4.45 ± 0.09	3.97 ± 0.29	4.20
		T₃	3.97 ± 0.29	3.08 ± 0.51	4.35 ± 0.00	3.80
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	3.57	3.59	4.16
VI	p-coumaric acid	T₁	1.17 ± 0.15	1.10 ± 0.05		1.14
		T₂	1.85 ± 0.22	1.58 ± 0.16	1.55 ± 0.13	1.66
		T₃	1.93 ± 0.30	1.60 ± 0.05	2.00 ± 0.21	1.84
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	1.65	1.43	1.78
VII	total phenolic acids	T₁	27 ± 3	31 ± 3		29
		T₂	33 ± 3	37 ± 3	40 ± 6	37
		T₃	36 ± 7	32 ± 1	41 ± 2	36
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	32	33	40
Flavan-3-ol / (mg L^-1)
VIII	(–)-epicatechin gallate	T₁	1.17 ± 0.38	1.23 ± 0.24		1.20
		T₂	1.22 ± 0.38	0.83 ± 0.25	1.48 ± 0.24	1.18
		T₃	2.10 ± 0.39	1.75 ± 0.15	2.40 ± 0.35	2.08
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	1.50	1.27	1.94
IX	(–)-epigallocatechin gallate	T₁	2.17 ± 0.65	3.05 ± 0.40		2.61
		T₂	2.32 ± 0.40	4.67 ± 1.19	4.73 ± 1.04	3.91
		T₃	3.87 ± 0.73	3.83 ± 0.45	5.05 ± 0.21	4.25
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	2.79	3.85	4.89
X	(+)-catechin	T₁	12.75 ± 5.56	16.80 ± 3.86		14.78
		T₂	10.48 ± 1.82	15.23 ± 3.59	18.95 ± 5.24	14.89
		T₃	11.90 ± 2.85	13.28 ± 1.86	17.85 ± 0.00	14.34
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	11.71	15.10	18.40
XI	(–)-epicatechin	T₁	5.05 ± 1.05	7.28 ± 1.81		6.17
		T₂	4.05 ± 0.75	6.18 ± 1.55	8.98 ± 2.73	6.40
		T₃	4.52 ± 1.37	5.43 ± 1.08	7.63 ± 0.46	5.86
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	4.54	6.30	8.31
XII	procyanidin A2	T₁	1.78 ± 0.55	1.40 ± 0.13		1.59
		T₂	1.50 ± 0.26	3.40 ± 0.65	3.62 ± 0.72	2.84
		T₃	4.73 ± 0.90	3.95 ± 0.31	5.08 ± 0.25	4.59
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	2.67	2.92	4.35
XIII	procyanidin B1	T₁	14.07 ± 2.32	16.68 ± 1.20		15.38
		T₂	14.05 ± 1.00	17.47 ± 2.63	19.15 ± 4.39	16.87
		T₃	15.22 ± 3.33	13.95 ± 1.47	17.10 ± 0.57	15.42
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	14.45	16.03	18.10
XIV	procyanidin B2	T₁	9.05 ± 3.10	12.73 ± 3.60		10.89
		T₂	7.18 ± 2.01	12.33 ± 4.27	17.55 ± 4.82	12.35
		T₃	10.08 ± 2.65	12.70 ± 2.41	17.40 ± 0.85	13.39
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	8.77	12.59	17.48
XV	total flavan-3-ols	T₁	46.03 ± 9.40	59.18 ± 10.25		52.50
		T₂	40.80 ± 5.21	60.12 ± 11.99	74.47 ± 20.40	58.66
		T₃	52.42 ± 11.34	54.90 ± 6.46	72.50 ± 0.07	59.83
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	46.42	58.07	73.49
Flavonol / (mg L^-1)
XVI	kaempferol- 3-O-glucoside	T₁	1.27 ± 0.28	1.30 ± 0.05		1.29
		T₂	1.97 ± 0.29	1.65 ± 0.30	1.63 ± 0.56	1.75
		T₃	1.08 ± 0.09	1.40 ± 0.43	2.00 ± 0.42	1.49
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	1.44	1.45	1.82
XVII	isorhamnetin- 3-O-glucoside	T₁	6.03 ± 1.76	6.02 ± 1.81		6.03
		T₂	11.30 ± 4.30	11.12 ± 3.82	10.03 ± 1.67	10.82
		T₃	11.53 ± 3.01	9.88 ± 1.36	12.25 ± 0.00	11.22
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	9.62	9.01	11.14
XVIII	myricetin	T₁	0.42 ± 0.13	0.15 ± 0.05		0.29
		T₂	0.32 ± 0.13	0.88 ± 0.25	0.80 ± 0.05	0.67
		T₃	0.75 ± 0.15	0.60 ± 0.05	1.00 ± 0.00	0.78
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	0.50	0.54	0.90
XIX	quercetin	T₁	0.25 ± 0.09	0.28 ± 0.88		0.27
		T₂	0.52 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.00	0.53 ± 0.15	0.52
		T₃	0.40 ± 0.10	0.30 ± 0.10	0.63 ± 0.11	0.44
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	0.39	0.36	0.58
XX	rutin	T₁	0.77 ± 0.15	0.73 ± 0.06		0.75
		T₂	1.30 ± 0.23	0.75 ± 0.15	0.75 ± 0.13	0.93
		T₃	0.98 ± 0.20	0.77 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.14	0.92
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	1.02	0.75	0.88
XXI	total flavonols	T₁	9.73 ± 3.00	8.48 ± 1.77		8.61
		T₂	15.40 ± 4.97	14.90 ± 4.75	13.75 ± 2.38	14.68
		T₃	14.75 ± 3.99	12.95 ± 1.66	16.88 ± 0.46	14.86
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	12.96	12.11	15.32
Anthocyanin / (mg L^-1)
XXII	pelargonidin- 3-O-glucoside	T₁	8.17 ± 0.53	8.08 ± 1.71		8.13
		T₂	12.70 ± 0.85	10.87 ± 0.83	9.95 ± 1.23	11.17
		T₃	12.55 ± 2.34	9.68 ± 1.26	11.53 ± 0.67	11.25
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	11.14	9.54	10.74
XXIII	cyanidin- 3-O-glucoside	T₁	0.45 ± 0.13	0.48 ± 0.20		0.47
		T₂	0.72 ± 0.10	0.65 ± 0.09	0.55 ± 0.13	0.64
		T₃	0.53 ± 0.14	0.40 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.04	0.45
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	0.57	0.51	0.49
XXIV	delphinidin- 3-O-glucoside	T₁	3.40 ± 0.35	3.42 ± 0.90		3.41
		T₂	4.87 ± 0.48	3.98 ± 0.10	3.67 ± 0.64	4.17
		T₃	4.27 ± 0.90	3.32 ± 0.63	3.73 ± 0.04	3.77
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	4.18	3.57	3.70
XXV	malvidin-3-O- glucoside	T₁	47 ± 8	47 ± 1		47
		T₂	79 ± 9	72 ± 8	69 ± 7	73
		T₃	86 ± 15	70 ± 1	86 ± 10	81
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	70	63	78
XXVI	peonidin-3-O- glucoside	T₁	4.13 ± 0.32	4.27 ± 0.94		4.20
		T₂	6.70 ± 0.52	5.83 ± 0.30	5.45 ± 1.03	5.99
		T₃	6.07 ± 1.16	4.93 ± 0.53	5.53 ± 0.04	5.51
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	5.63	5.01	5.49
XXVII	total anthocyanins	T₁	63 ± 8	63 ± 4		63
		T₂	104 ± 9	93 ± 8	88 ± 9	95
		T₃	109 ± 19	89 ± 4	107 ± 10	102
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter. All compounds were included in ANOVA-PCA, except for the sum of concentrations of each subclass of compounds.	92	82	98

No.	Volatile compound	Ripeness level	Maceration time			Averages of the different ripeness levels (T₁, T₂ and T₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.
No.	Volatile compound	Ripeness level	10 days (M₁)	20 days (M₂)	30 days (M₃)
Ester / (µg L^-1)
1	3-methylbutyl acetate	T₁	922 ± 7	433 ± 44		678
		T₂	763 ± 86	1022 ± 105	463 ± 55	749
		T₃	1451 ± 111	561 ± 17	263 ± 59	758
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1045	672	363
2	ethyl butanoate	T₁	75 ± 12	76 ± 16		76
		T₂	136 ± 20	320 ± 4	297 ± 92	251
		T₃	198 ± 38	486 ± 107	501 ± 5	395
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	136	294	399
3	ethyl hexanoate	T₁	786 ± 1	537 ± 25		662
		T₂	271 ± 28	421 ± 29	182 ± 10	291
		T₃	243 ± 10	212 ± 36	229 ± 37	228
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	433	390	206
4	ethyl lactate	T₁	395 ± 2	425 ± 23		410
		T₂	1348 ± 173	1983 ± 63	2957 ± 68	2096
		T₃	457±12	1471 ± 115	1370 ± 28	1099
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	733	1293	2164
5	ethyl octanoate	T₁	2342 ± 54	1789 ± 36		2066
		T₂	1121 ± 35	1252 ± 74	955 ± 34	1109
		T₃	1133 ± 61	1006 ± 22	945 ± 82	1028
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1532	1349	950
6	ethyl decanoate	T₁	171 ± 28	107 ± 11		139
		T₂	134 ± 14	88 ± 21	91 ± 23	104
		T₃	131 ± 24	107 ± 21	122 ± 12	120
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	145	101	107
7	3-methylbutyl octanoate	T₁	44 ± 1	17 ± 3		31
		T₂	10 ± 1	13 ± 2	10 ± 1	11
		T₃	11 ± 1	10 ± 0	22 ± 1	14
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	22	13	16
8	diethyl butanedioate	T₁	865 ± 53	1219 ± 125		1042
		T₂	3322 ± 228	2802 ± 286	2978 ± 283	3034
		T₃	939 ± 38	2485 ± 6	7588 ± 336	3671
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1709	2169	5283
9	ethyl 2-phenylacetate	T₁	211 ± 41	66 ± 9		139
		T₂	69 ± 2	80 ± 3	89 ± 9	79
		T₃	59 ± 2	70 ± 9	77 ± 13	69
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	113	72	83
10	ethyl 9-decenoate	T₁	43 ± 1	6 ± 0		25
		T₂	11 ± 2	7 ± 2	14 ± 1	11
		T₃	48 ± 4	25 ± 1	42 ± 1	38
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	34	13	28
11	ethyl tetradecanoate	T₁	13 ± 2	25 ± 2		19
		T₂	17 ± 1	12 ± 1	9 ± 1	13
		T₃	10 ± 1	211 ± 1	531 ± 1	251
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	13	83	270
12	ethyl hexadecanoate	T₁	6 ± 1	17 ± 2		12
		T₂	14 ± 1	18 ± 2	29 ± 1	20
		T₃	32 ± 2	13 ± 2	20 ± 1	22
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	17	16	25
13	total esters	T₁	5874 ± 42	4718 ± 218		5296
		T₂	7215 ± 77	8017 ± 209	8074 ± 171	7769
		T₃	4712 ± 201	6657 ± 103	11710 ± 436	7693
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	5934	6464	9892
Acid / (µg L^-1)
14	acetic acid	T₁	355 ± 39	252 ± 67		304
		T₂	468 ± 61	495 ± 97	542 ± 37	502
		T₃	369 ± 49	331 ± 70	266 ± 42	322
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	397	359	404
15	2-methylpropanoic acid	T₁	186 ± 1	181 ± 7		184
		T₂	475 ± 21	438 ± 10	441 ± 13	451
		T₃	140 ± 6	162 ± 3	165 ± 6	156
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	267	260	303
16	butanoic acid	T₁	126 ± 3	126 ± 28		126
		T₂	116 ± 8	151 ± 16	130 ± 31	132
		T₃	126 ± 10	181 ± 31	167 ± 6	158
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	123	153	149
17	3-methylbutanoic acid	T₁	1395 ± 4	1377 ± 57		1386
		T₂	1833 ± 348	1796 ± 6	1893 ± 172	1841
		T₃	1648 ± 53	1654 ± 20	1897 ± 112	1733
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1625	1609	1895
18	hexanoic acid	T₁	958 ± 1	865 ± 60		912
		T₂	562 ± 14	565 ± 20	510 ± 57	546
		T₃	604 ± 13	620 ± 13	719 ± 60	648
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	708	683	615
19	octanoic acid	T₁	3603 ± 166	3483 ± 449		3543
		T₂	2274 ± 137	2137 ± 196	1914 ± 180	2108
		T₃	2257 ± 70	1890 ± 101	2326 ± 367	2158
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	2711	2503	2120
20	nonanoic acid	T₁	314 ± 64	169 ± 9		242
		T₂	295 ± 39	146 ± 21	193 ± 30	211
		T₃	275 ± 77	130 ± 32	308 ± 69	238
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	295	148	251
21	decanoic acid	T₁	340 ± 23	473 ± 73		407
		T₂	148 ± 23	108 ± 4	84 ± 10	113
		T₃	102 ± 7	74 ± 12	91 ± 15	89
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	197	218	88
22	dodecanoic acid	T₁	152 ± 1	127 ± 9		140
		T₂	99 ± 15	123 ± 11	83 ± 10	102
		T₃	66 ± 4	89 ± 3	76 ± 3	77
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	106	113	80
23	9-decenoic acid	T₁	44 ± 1	22 ± 4		33
		T₂	12 ± 1	20 ± 3	13 ± 1	15
		T₃	48 ± 4	25 ± 1	43 ± 1	39
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	35	22	28
24	total acids	T₁	7472 ± 162	7075 ± 636		7274
		T₂	6282 ± 245	5978 ± 214	5804 ± 455	6021
		T₃	5636 ± 124	5155 ± 32	6058 ± 336	5616
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	6463	6069	5931
Alcohol / (µg L^-1)
25	3-methyl- 1-butanol	T₁	59031 ± 3983	90670 ± 5337		74851
		T₂	76272 ± 12848	94511 ± 6681	105794 ± 1882	92192
		T₃	63985 ± 4000	84333 ± 2045	199 ± 6	49506
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	66429	89838	52997
26	(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol	T₁	250 ± 33	425 ± 29		338
		T₂	193 ± 7	286 ± 7	286 ± 3	255
		T₃	128 ± 3	175 ± 8	188 ± 30	164
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	190	295	237
27	1-octanol	T₁	137 ± 14	259 ± 27		198
		T₂	219 ± 16	273 ± 26	275 ± 18	256
		T₃	196 ± 29	251 ± 6	232 ± 7	226
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	184	261	254
28	1-nonanol	T₁	53 ± 1	218 ± 53		136
		T₂	139 ± 30	175 ± 15	209 ± 25	174
		T₃	110 ± 27	158 ± 17	159 ± 3	142
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	101	184	184
29	phenyl methanol	T₁	47 ± 8	100 ± 8		74
		T₂	139 ± 8	214 ± 8	263 ± 28	205
		T₃	87 ± 14	168 ± 26	210 ± 33	155
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	91	161	237
30	2-phenyl ethanol	T₁	21049 ± 2357	31258 ± 3544		26154
		T₂	32271 ± 2070	41766 ± 2132	44658 ± 972	39565
		T₃	31619 ± 1321	45882 ± 8492	53654 ± 1583	43718
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	28313	39365	49156
31	1-dodecanol	T₁	140 ± 31	193 ± 17		167
		T₂	351 ± 29	267 ± 78	303 ± 51	307
		T₃	366 ± 28	255 ± 74	210 ± 33	277
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	286	238	257
32	4-methyl- 1-pentanol	T₁	47 ± 2	71 ± 6		59
		T₂	19 ± 1	32 ± 3	31 ± 2	27
		T₃	26 ± 2	31 ± 1	22 ± 1	26
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	31	45	27
33	3-methyl- 1-pentanol	T₁	49 ± 1	95 ± 1		72
		T₂	62 ± 6	99 ± 5	199 ± 5	120
		T₃	127 ± 5	211 ± 2	215 ± 16	184
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	79	135	207
34	1-hexanol	T₁	1219 ± 96	2745 ± 138		1982
		T₂	1578 ± 23	2435 ± 150	2768 ± 78	2260
		T₃	1706 ± 33	2239 ± 99	2511 ± 158	2152
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	1501	2473	2640
35	1-butanol	T₁	25 ± 2	7 ± 1		16
		T₂	60 ± 6	99 ± 1	83 ± 11	81
		T₃	65 ± 8	110 ± 2	152 ± 10	109
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	50	72	118
36	2,3-butanediol	T₁	173 ± 13	284 ± 47		229
		T₂	784 ± 16	1170 ± 1	4433 ± 227	2129
		T₃	290 ± 34	1253 ± 172	3144 ± 390	1562
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	416	902	3789
37	1,3-butanediol	T₁	479 ± 51	542 ± 45		511
		T₂	1055 ± 126	1326 ± 57	1623 ± 160	1335
		T₃	795 ± 141	993 ± 4	1495 ± 19	1094
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	776	954	1559
38	1-hexadecanol	T₁	25 ± 1	53 ± 5		39
		T₂	46 ± 7	62 ± 2	85 ± 2	64
		T₃	48 ± 10	26 ± 2	82 ± 2	52
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	40	47	84
39	total alcohols	T₁	82726 ± 6462	126920 ± 7976		104823
		T₂	113189 ± 12949	142714 ± 8054	161010 ± 499	138971
		T₃	99549 ± 4744	136086 ± 7966	62473 ± 2083	99369
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	98488	135240	111742
Terpene / (µg L^-1)
40	linalool	T₁	9 ± 1	10 ± 1		10
		T₂	15 ± 3	11 ± 1	17 ± 5	14
		T₃	14 ± 1	19 ± 2	13 ± 1	15
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	13	13	15
41	geraniol	T₁	6 ± 1	7 ± 1		7
		T₂	7 ± 1	11 ± 1	12 ± 1	10
		T₃	11 ± 1	11 ± 1	11 ± 1	11
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	8	10	12
42	(E)-nerolidol	T₁	11 ± 1	11 ± 1		11
		T₂	12 ± 1	16 ± 1	19 ± 1	16
		T₃	15 ± 1	30 ± 1	29 ± 1	25
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	13	19	24
43	citronellol	T₁	10 ± 0	10 ± 1		10
		T₂	13 ± 1	11 ± 1	10 ± 1	11
		T₃	10 ± 1	10 ± 1	11 ± 1	10
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	11	10	11
44	total terpenes	T₁	36 ± 1	38 ± 0		37
		T₂	46 ± 1	48 ± 2	58 ± 6	51
		T₃	50 ± 1	70 ± 1	64 ± 1	61
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	44	52	61
45	3-(methythio)- 1-propanol	T₁	189 ± 6	202 ± 3		196
		T₂	199 ± 11	167 ± 19	305 ± 9	224
		T₃	210 ± 25	221 ± 28	215 ± 16	215
		averages of the different maceration times (M₁, M₂ and M₃)^a a Data are expressed as the average values of three-field replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The result of each treatment (T or M) also comes as the average of triplicate experiments. The number of digits after decimal point was reported according to the lower SD found for a set of specific numbers of one parameter.	199	197	260