Use of Aluminosilicate Residue from Insulators of High Voltage Transformers for the Adsorption of Basic Dyes

Murga, Fernando C. G.; de Campos, José D. R.; Signini, Roberta

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20210065

Fernando C. G. Murga

Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central, CP 459, 75001-970 Anápolis-GO, Brazil

José D. R. de Campos

Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central, CP 459, 75001-970 Anápolis-GO, Brazil

Roberta Signini ^**e-mail: roberta.signini@ueg.br

Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central, CP 459, 75001-970 Anápolis-GO, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-8414

*e-mail: roberta.signini@ueg.br

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Figure 1
FTIR spectra of ALMS and ALMS after adsorption of MB and CV dyes.

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Figure 2
SEM micrographs of the adsorbent: (a) 200× and (b) 5000×.

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Figure 3
BET results for the surface area.

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Figure 4
XRD diffractogram obtained for (a) the adsorbent and reference diffractogram for (b) quartz (adapted from Varela et al.⁵⁵55 Varela, M. L.; do Nascimento, R. M.; Martinelli, A. E.; Hotza, D.; Melo, D. M. A.; Melo, M. A. F.; Cerâmica 2005, 51, 388.).

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Figure 5
Graph of point of zero charge for adsorbent.

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Figure 6
Effect of pH on the adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet. Conditions: volume of dye solution (V_SC) = 25 mL; mass = 100 mg; T = 25 ºC; time = 24 h, [dyes] = 10 mg L⁻¹.

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Figure 7
Chemical structure of dyes (a) crystal violet and (b) methylene blue.

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Figure 8
Effect of adsorbent mass on the adsorption efficiency. Conditions: V_SC = 25 mL; pH = 8.0; T = 25 ºC; time = 24 h, [dyes] = 10 mg L⁻¹.

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Figure 7
Chemical structure of dyes (a) crystal violet and (b) methylene blue.

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Figure 9
Kinetics results for the adsorption of dyes onto the adsorbent: (a) methylene blue and (b) crystal violet. Conditions: V_SC = 50 mL; pH = 8.0; mass = 1100 mg; T = 25 ºC; time = 24 h, [dyes] = 10 mg L⁻¹.

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Figure 10
Adsorption isotherms obtained at different temperatures (a) methylene blue and (b) crystal violet. Conditions: V_SC = 50 mL; pH = 8.0; mass = 1100 mg; T = 25 ºC; time = 24 h.

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Table 1
The chemical analysis of the adsorbent

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Table 2
Physicochemical properties of the adsorbent

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Table 3
Comparison of pH_PZC obtained in this study with values reported in the literature

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Table 4
Adj. R-square for kinetic models of the dye adsorption onto the adsorbent

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Table 5
Physical-chemical p arameters of the pseudo-second order model in the adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes

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Table 6
Parameters for methylene blue and crystal violet adsorption isotherms obtained for adsorbent at different temperatures

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Table 7
Maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of the materials and ceramic residues found in the literature

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Table 8
Thermodynamic parameters obtained for the adsorption of the dyes

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Element	SiO₂	Fe2O3	Al2O3	Mn2O3	TiO₂	CaO	MgO	SO₃	P2O5	Na₂O	K₂O
Content / %	72.3	1.26	17.1	0.02	0.51	0.86	1.2	0.00	0.05	1.20	4.2

Property	S / (m²g⁻¹)	Vp / (cm³g⁻¹)	D / nm
Adsorbent	0.3396	1.52 × 10¹	12.1972

Material	pH_PZC	Reference
Silicas/Germany	4.1	Komulski⁵⁸58 Komulski, M.; Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 251, 115.
SiO₂/Shokubai	< 4.0	Komulski⁵⁸58 Komulski, M.; Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 251, 115.
Pyrogenic silicas	4.3	Komulski⁵⁸58 Komulski, M.; Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 251, 115.
Pretreated kaolinite	3.7	Zhuangand Yu⁶⁰60 Zhuang, J.; Yu, G. R.; Chemosphere 2002, 49, 619.
SiO₂-K/SiO₂-I	3.8/4.5	Milonjic et al.⁶¹61 Milonjic, S. K.; Cerovi, L. S.; Cokeša, D. J.; Zec, S.; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 309, 155.
Silicon insulators	3.5	Raiteri et al.⁶²62 Raiteri, R.; Margesin, B.; Grattarola, M.; Sens. Actuators, B 1998, 46, 126.
ALMS	3.7	this study

Dye	R²
Dye	Temperature / K	Pseudo-first-order	Pseudo-second-order	Elovich	Intraparticle diffusion
Methylene blue	298	0.9328	0.9918	0.9546	0.7384
	308	0.7996	0.9811	0.8152	0.6407
	318	0.9544	0.9816	0.9045	0.8132
Crystal violet	298	0.7390	0.9912	0.7218	0.8257
	308	0.9333	0.9963	0.9516	0.8159
	318	0.9402	0.9933	0.9033	0.8097

Dye	Temperature / K	Rate constant (k₂) / (g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	q_e(calculated) / (mg g⁻¹)	q_e(experimental) / (mg g⁻¹)	Equilibration time / min	Activation energy (E_a) / (kJ mol⁻¹)
Methylene blue	298	7.64 × 10⁻²	0.36	0.35	510	19.0
	308	6.15 × 10⁻²	0.39	0.38	480
	318	4.69 × 10⁻²	0.45	0.41	480
Crystal violet	298	17.68 × 10⁻²	0.24	0.24	780	29.3
	308	12.28 × 10⁻²	0.29	0.29	720
	318	0.0840 × 10⁻²	0.29	0.29	720

Dye	Isotherm	Parameter	298 K	308 K	318 K
Methylene blue	Langmuir	q_max/ (mg g⁻¹)	0.37	0.37	0.38
		K_L/ (L mg⁻¹)	0.54	2.89	0.87
		R_L	0.11	0.02	0.07
		R²	0.9921	0.9015	0.9835
	Freundlich	K_F/ (L g⁻¹)	0.12	0.23	0.17
		1/n	0.48	0.26	0.33
		n	2.09	3.85	3.02
		R²	0.9731	0.9897	0.8947
	Temkin	K_T/ (L g⁻¹)	7.08	69.93	8.97
		B_T	0.07	0.06	0.08
		b / (J mol⁻¹)	35.4	42.7	33.0
		R²	0.9941	0.9910	0.9706
	D-R	B	2.62 × 10⁻⁶	4.00 × 10⁻⁷	1.33 × 10⁻⁴
		E / (kJ mol⁻¹)	436.9	1118.0	61.3
		R²	0.9300	0.7843	0.9223
Crystal violet	Langmuir	q_max/ (mg g⁻¹)	0.35	0.52	0.49
		K_L/ (L mg⁻¹)	0.60	0.11	0.19
		R_L	0.10	0.38	0.26
		R²	0.9978	0.9644	0.9844
	Freundlich	K_F/ (L g⁻¹)	0.11	0.06	0.09
		1/n	0.49	0.63	0.58
		n	2.05	1.58	1.71
		R²	0.9817	0.9790	0.9696
	Temkin	K_T/ (L g⁻¹)	10.7	2.49	1.98
		B_T	0.06	0.08	0.10
		b / (J mol⁻¹)	41.3	32.0	26.4
		R²	0.9667	0.9018	0.9859
	D-R	B	2.90 × 10⁻⁶	1.38 × 10⁻⁵	4.72 × 10⁻⁴
		E / (kJ mol⁻¹)	415.2	190.3	32.5
		R²	0.9589	0.7933	0.8862

Adsorbent	q_max/ (mg g⁻¹)	Dye used	Reference
Carbonized watermelon	200.00	MB	Jawad et al.¹⁵15 Jawad, A. H.; Razuana, R.; Appaturib, J. N.; Wilsonc, L. D.; Surf. Interface 2019, 16, 76.
Biomass	50.60	MB	Jawad et al.¹⁶16 Jawad, A. H.; Abdulhameed, A. S.; Mastulihttps, M. S.; J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 2020, 14, 305.
Carbon modified chitosan	56.70	MB	Jawad et al.²²22 Jawad, A. H.; Abdulhameed, A. S.; Surip, S. N.; Sabar, S.; Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2020, DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2020.1807966. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.18...
Waste materials	1.26	CV	Mittal et al.⁷²72 Mittal, A.; Mittal, J.; Malviya, A.; Kaur, D.; Gupta, V. K.; J. Colloid Interface. Sci. 2010, 343, 463.
Gangue ceramic microbeads	2.17	MB	Zhou et al.⁷³73 Zhou, L.; Zhou, H.; Hu, Y.; Yan, S.; Yang, J.; J. Environ. Manage. 2019, 234, 245.
Glass wool	2.24	MB	Chakrabartiand Dutta⁷⁴74 Chakrabarti, S.; Dutta, B. K.; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2005, 286, 807.
Red mud	2.49	CV	Wang et al.⁷⁵75 Wang, S.; Boyjoo, Y.; Choueib, A. A.; Chemosphere 2005, 60, 1401.
Fly-ash	1.20	MB	Woolard et al.⁷⁶76 Woolard, C.; Forte, J.; Erasmus, C.; Appl. Geochem. 2002, 17, 1159.
Fly-ash (SFA)	1.47	MB	Janos et al.⁷⁷77 Janos, P.; Buchtova, H.; Rýznarová, M.; Water Res. 2003, 37, 4938.
Chrome sludge	0.51	MB	Sanghi and Verma⁷⁸78 Sanghi, R.; Verma, P.; Color. Technol. 2013, 129, 85.

Dye	Temperature / K	∆Hº / (kJ mol⁻¹)	∆Sº / (J mol⁻¹K⁻¹)	∆Gº / (kJ mol⁻¹)
Methylene blue	298	-26.0	-112.3	+7.5
	308			+8.6
	318			+9.7
Crystal violet	298	-16.1	-81.0	+8.0
	308			+8.8
	318			+9.7

[1] *e-mail: roberta.signini@ueg.br

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Use of Aluminosilicate Residue from Insulators of High Voltage Transformers for the Adsorption of Basic Dyes