Anaerobically Treated Leachate from a Composting Plant: Characterization and Evaluation as a Biofertilizer

Freire, Rita de Cássia M.; Aguiar, Adalin Cezar M. de; Nascimento, Mayra Aparecida; Cruz, Felipe S. O.; Mounteer, Ann H.; Silva, Antônio Alberto; Lopes, Renata P.

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20230085

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Article • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 35 (1) • Jan 2024 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230085 copy

Anaerobically Treated Leachate from a Composting Plant: Characterization and Evaluation as a Biofertilizer

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Leachate from a composting plant was characterized and applied as a biofertilizer in lettuce crops. Characteristics of untreated (UE) and anaerobically treated (TE) leachate samples were compared. The pH of TE (8.2) increased in relation to the UE (5.2) due to an increase in ammonia nitrogen in TE (1197 mg L^-1) compared to UE (859 mg L^-1). Anaerobic treatment was efficient in the removal of organic matter from the leachate, evaluated by the decrease of dissolved organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total solids. K presented the highest concentration (1743 mg L^-1) in TE, followed by Mg (135 mg L^-1). Cd, Pb and Cr were present at low concentrations in the samples, 0.047, 0.206 and 0.081 mg L^-1, respectively. Salmonella, thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminth eggs were not present in TE, which was applied as a biofertilizer in a lettuce crop and compared to mineral fertilization based on fresh matter and dry matter production. Lettuce production using TE was statistically equivalent to mineral fertilization. Toxic metals were not detected in the lettuce shoots. It was concluded that the anaerobically treated leachate from the composting company has the potential to be used as a biofertilizer.

Keywords:
sustainability; organic solid waste treatment; food waste; fertilizers; lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Month/year	Cr / (mg L^-1)	Cu / (mg L^-1)	Mn / (mg L^-1)	Fe / (mg L^-1)	Cd / (mg L^-1)	Pb / (mg L^-1)	Zn / (mg L^-1)	Ca / (mg L^-1)	Mg / (mg L^-1)	K / (mg L^-1)
Nov/2019	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.034	0.524	16.60	0.054	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.300	25.00	201.0	1443
Dec/2019	0.062	0.029	0.135	13.10	0.042	0.103	0.140	22.00	358.0	950
Jan/2020	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.088	0.083	10.60	0.021	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.090	15.00	150.0	1546
Feb/2020	0.062	0.043	0.214	10.40	0.045	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.280	30.00	144.0	1535
Aug/2020^b b the results for the month of August refer to the effluent used as biofertilizer;	0.156	0.033	0.123	12.10	0.102	0.740	0.250	4.00	123.0	2007
Sep/2020	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.460	3.446	63.00	0.020	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	10.50	225.0	77.0	1682
Oct/2020	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.068	0.063	5.50	0.020	0.099	1.36	6.00	95.0	1849
Nov/2020	0.065	0.110	0.046	7.60	0.063	0.094	0.430	1.00	1.0	1725
Dec/2020	0.060	0.072	0.058	5.40	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.092	1.52	4.00	104.0	1633
Jan/2021	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.074	0.039	3.90	0.027	0.113	0.520	6.00	100.0	1993
Feb/2021	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.042	0.047	4.60	< LOQ^a a < LOQ: less than the limit of quantification;	0.202	0.150	15.00	71.0	2750
Average^c c the average was calculated excluding the values for the September sample.	0.081	0.059	0.133	8.98	0.047	0.206	0.504	12.80	134.7	1743

T^a	Concentration / (mg L^-1)
T^a	Cu	Zn	Mn	B	Ni	Pb	Cd	Cr
T1	3.0 ± 1.0	21.0 ± 10.0	162.0 ± 72.9	49.0 ± 17.0	ND^b	ND	0.20 ± 0.05	0.10 ± 0.10
T2	6.0 ± 1.0	38.0 ± 4.4	293.0 ± 35.9	69.0 ± 7.8	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.04
T3	4.0 ± 0.3	25.0 ± 2.0	239.0 ± 59.6	60.0 ± 9.2	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.10	0.10 ± 0.10
T4	5.0 ± 0.3	30.0 ± 5.4	191.0 ± 12.1	66.0 ± 14.0	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.10
T5	5.0 ± 0.6	30.0 ± 5.1	163.0 ± 52.9	67.0 ± 11.0	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.10	0.10 ± 0.04
T6	6.0 ± 0.4	33.0 ± 3.4	177.0 ± 23.4	70.0 ± 13.0	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.01	2.70 ± 3.50
T7	6.0 ± 0.8	28.0 ± 3.2	169.0 ± 22.2	57.0 ± 16.0	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.04	ND
T8	6.0 ± 1.0	34.0 ± 6.9	224.0 ± 13.2	51.0 ± 5.5	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.04	ND
T9	6.0 ± 0.9	35.0 ± 7.8	268.0 ± 91.8	61.0 ± 20.0	ND	ND	0.20 ± 0.05	ND
T10	7.0 ± 0.6	37.0 ± 5.2	326.0 ± 34.0	64.0 ± 8.9	ND	ND	0.30 ± 0.04	0.20

Treatment	pH	Ca / (mg L^-1)	Mg / (mg L^-1)	Cu / (mg L^-1)	K / (mg L^-1)	Mn / (mg L^-1)
T1^a a T1: negative control;	5.7	2.4	0.59	3.8	22	75
T2^b b T2: mineral fertilizer (nitrogen and potassium).	5.3	2.3	0.48	3.7	87	78
T3	5.7	2.5	0.62	4.3	12	76
T4	5.7	2.7	0.61	4.0	14	71
T5	6.1	2.5	0.61	4.2	24	78
T6	5.7	2.0	0.55	4.6	32	105
T7	5.8	2.2	0.62	4.2	81	87
T8	5.7	2.2	0.67	4.4	158	91
T9	5.8	2.6	0.76	5.3	218	160
T10	5.5	2.3	0.72	4.7	313	167

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