BACKGROUND: The preanalytical phase is responsible for more than two thirds of all errors attributed to the clinical laboratory and it has only a few routine procedures for the detection of nonconformity. In this phase, the procedures involving phlebotomy, critical to the obtainment of diagnostic blood specimen, are poorly studied with regard to major sources of errors and procedures related to quality control process. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to propose a tool for finding failures in the preanalytical phase and to establish quality indicators, with emphasis on procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens, in order to monitor potential sources of error in this phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated phlebotomy procedures employed in ten clinical laboratories in São Paulo city, Brazil. All of them with established quality program. The errors that had a frequency higher than 80% were selected to be part of a checklist aiming to evaluate the performance of phlebotomists. Standards and recommendations established by national and international institutions, such as ANVISA, SBPC/ML and CLSI, served as reference to elaborate the checklist. RESULTS: The proposed checklist covers five points of phlebotomy procedures: tourniquet application time, number of phlebotomists that ask patients to clench forearm muscle prior to collection, friction of the forearm muscle in antisepsis process, correct or incorrect sequence of blood collecting tubes and evaluation of accurate or inaccurate homogenization of collected blood specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Phlebotomy evaluation is an essential part of the quality planning in clinical laboratories. The proposed checklist allows error detection in the preanalytical phase, establishment of quality indicators and implementation of corrective and preventive actions with cost effectiveness and improvement in process efficiency.
Quality management; Quality control; Quality indicators in health care; Preanalytical phase; Phlebotomy; Blood specimen collection; Blood
