1 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 |
11 Rasouli M. Basic concepts and practical equations on osmolality: biochemical approach. Clin Biochem. 2016; 49(12): 936-41. PMID: 27343561.
2 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
3 Kraut JA, Xing SX. Approach to the evaluation of a patient with an increased serum osmolal gap and high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 58(3): 480-4. PubMed PMID: 21794966.
4 Berend K, Vries APJ, Gans R. Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371: 1434-45. PubMed PMID: 25295502.
5 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
6 Mcquillen KK, Anderson AC. Osmol gaps in the pediatric population. Acad Emerg Med. 1999; 6(1): 27-30. PubMed PMID: 9928973.
7 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
-
88 Purssell RA, Pudek M, Brubacher J, Abu-Laban RB. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolal gap. Ann Emerg Med. 2001; 38(6): 653-65. PubMed PMID: 11719745.
|
2 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 9 |
11 Rasouli M. Basic concepts and practical equations on osmolality: biochemical approach. Clin Biochem. 2016; 49(12): 936-41. PMID: 27343561.
,
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
,
99 Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, Beilby JP. Calculated vs. measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984; 30(10): 1703-5. PubMed PMID: 6537784.
|
3 |
Osm = 1.85Na + BUN/2.18 + glucose/17,5 + ethanol/4.22 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
|
4 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
6 Mcquillen KK, Anderson AC. Osmol gaps in the pediatric population. Acad Emerg Med. 1999; 6(1): 27-30. PubMed PMID: 9928973.
-
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
5 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 5 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
6 |
Osm = 2(Na + K) + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
7 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/3 + glucose/20 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
8 |
Osm = 2.1Na |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
9 |
Osm = 2.63Na – 65.4 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
10 |
Osm = 1.75Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 10.1 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
11 |
Osm = 1.85Na + 1.84K + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + calcium + 1.17magnesium + 1.14 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
12 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
13 |
Osm = 2Na + glucose/18 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
|
14 |
Osm = 2Na |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
15 |
Osm = 2Na + 7 |
22 Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(3): 343-6. PubMed PMID: 8599495.
,
77 Dorwart WV, Chalmers L. Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. Clin Chem. 1975; 21(2): 190-7. PuMed PMID: 1112025.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
16 |
Osm = 1.5Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 45 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
17 |
Osm = 1.8(total of cations) + BUN/6 + glucose/18 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
18 |
Osm = 1.85Na + 1.84K + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 1.15calcium + 1.17magnesium + 1.15 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
19 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + 10 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
20 |
Osm = 1.89Na + 1.38K + BUN/2.7 + glucose/16.7 + 7.45 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
21 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/3 + glucose/20 + 8 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
|
22 |
Osm = (1.86Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18)/0.93 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
66 Mcquillen KK, Anderson AC. Osmol gaps in the pediatric population. Acad Emerg Med. 1999; 6(1): 27-30. PubMed PMID: 9928973.
|
23 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + ethanol/4.6 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
88 Purssell RA, Pudek M, Brubacher J, Abu-Laban RB. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolal gap. Ann Emerg Med. 2001; 38(6): 653-65. PubMed PMID: 11719745.
|
24 |
Osm = 2Na + 10 |
55 Kruse JA, Cadnapaphornchaihai P. The serum osmole gap. J Crit Care. 1994; 9(3): 185-197. PubMed PMID: 7981782.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
25 |
Osm = 1.82Na + BUN/2.9 + glucose/23.9 + 24 |
66 Mcquillen KK, Anderson AC. Osmol gaps in the pediatric population. Acad Emerg Med. 1999; 6(1): 27-30. PubMed PMID: 9928973.
|
26 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 + ethanol/3.7 |
88 Purssell RA, Pudek M, Brubacher J, Abu-Laban RB. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolal gap. Ann Emerg Med. 2001; 38(6): 653-65. PubMed PMID: 11719745.
|
27 |
Osm = 1.091.86Na + BUN + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
28 |
Osm = 1.36Na + 0.45BUN + 1.6glucose + 91.75 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
29 |
Osm = 1.75Na + BUN/2 + glucose + 10.1 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
30 |
Osm = 1.8(Na + K + calcium) + 0.47BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
31 |
Osm = 1.85Na + BUN/2 + glucose + 8.55 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
32 |
Osm = 1.85Na + 1.84K + BUN/2 + glucose + 1.15calcium + 1.17magnesium |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
33 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
34 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2 + glucose + 5 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
35 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN/2 + glucose + 9 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
36 |
Osm = (1.86Na + BUN/2 + glucose)/0.93 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
37 |
Osm = (1.86Na + 1.28BUN/2 + 1.03glucose)0.985 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
38 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
39 |
Osm = 1.897Na + BUN/2 + glucose + 13.5 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
40 |
Osm = 1.9(Na + K) + BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
41 |
Osm = 1.9(Na + K) + BUN/2 + glucose + 5 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
42 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
43 |
Osm = 2Na + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
44 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
45 |
Osm = 2Na + 0.93BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
46 |
Osm = 2Na + 0.93BUN/2 + 0.9glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
47 |
Osm = 2Na + 0.93BUN/2 + 0.9glucose + 8 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
48 |
Osm = (2Na + BUN + glucose + 35.2)0.985 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
49 |
Osm = [2(Na + K) + BUN/2 + glucose]0.985 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
50 |
Osm = 2(Na + K) + BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
51 |
Osm = 2(Na + K) + 0.93BUN/2 + glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
52 |
Osm = (Na + K + chlorine + lactate + glucose + bicarbonate + BUN + 6.5)0.985 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
53 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN + 1.15glucose |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
,
1111 Khajuria A, Krahn J. Osmolality revisited - deriving and validating the best formula for calculated osmolality. Clin Biochem. 2005; 38(6): 514-9. PubMed PMID: 15885229.
|
54 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN + 1.15glucose + 14 |
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
,
1111 Khajuria A, Krahn J. Osmolality revisited - deriving and validating the best formula for calculated osmolality. Clin Biochem. 2005; 38(6): 514-9. PubMed PMID: 15885229.
,
1212 Nelson PH. Osmosis and thermodynamics explained by solute blocking. Eur Biophys J. 2016 May 25. PubMed PMID: 27225298.
|
55 |
Osm = 1.86Na + BUN + glucose + 9 |
99 Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, Beilby JP. Calculated vs. measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984; 30(10): 1703-5. PubMed PMID: 6537784.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
56 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN + glucose + 10 |
99 Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, Beilby JP. Calculated vs. measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984; 30(10): 1703-5. PubMed PMID: 6537784.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
57 |
Osm = 1.89Na + 1.38K + 1.03BUN + 1.08glucose + 7.47 |
99 Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, Beilby JP. Calculated vs. measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984; 30(10): 1703-5. PubMed PMID: 6537784.
,
1010 Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, et al. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(2): 302-8. PubMed PMID: 23081685.
|
58 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN + glucose |
1313 Arora A. The 'gap' in the 'plasma osmolar gap'. BMJ Case Rep. 2013. PubMed PMID: 23929610.
|
59 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN + 1.15glucose + 1.2 ethanol + 14 |
1111 Khajuria A, Krahn J. Osmolality revisited - deriving and validating the best formula for calculated osmolality. Clin Biochem. 2005; 38(6): 514-9. PubMed PMID: 15885229.
|
60 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN + 1.15 × glucose + 1.2ethanol |
1111 Khajuria A, Krahn J. Osmolality revisited - deriving and validating the best formula for calculated osmolality. Clin Biochem. 2005; 38(6): 514-9. PubMed PMID: 15885229.
|
61 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN + glucose + ethanol |
1414 Lynd LD, Richardson KJ, Purssell RA, et al. An evaluation of the osmole gap as a screening test for toxic alcohol poisoning. BMC Emerg Med. 2008; 8: 5. PubMed PMID: 18442409.
|
62 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN + glucose + 1,25ethanol |
1414 Lynd LD, Richardson KJ, Purssell RA, et al. An evaluation of the osmole gap as a screening test for toxic alcohol poisoning. BMC Emerg Med. 2008; 8: 5. PubMed PMID: 18442409.
|
63 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 + 1.15glucose/18 |
1515 Hansen L, Lange R, Gupta S. Development and evaluation of a guideline for monitoring propylene glycol toxicity in pediatric intensive care unit patients receiving continuous infusion lorazepam. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 20(5): 367-72. doi:10,5863/1551-6776-20.5.367. PubMed PMID: 26472950. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-20.5.3...
|
64 |
Osm = 2Na + BUN/2.8 + 1.15glucose/18 + 1.2ethanol/4.6 |
1616 Krasowski MD, Wilcoxon RM, Miron J. A retrospective analysis of glycol and toxic alcohol ingestion: utility of anion and osmolal gaps. BMC Clin Pathol. 2012; 12: 1. PubMed PMID: 22240170.
,
1717 Ehlers A, Morris C, Krasowski. A rapid analysis of plasma/serum ethylene and propylene glycol by headspace gas chromatography. Springerplus. 2013; 2(1): 203. PubMed PMID: 23741644.
|
65 |
Osm = 1.86(Na + K) + BUN + glucose + 9 |
99 Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, Beilby JP. Calculated vs. measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984; 30(10): 1703-5. PubMed PMID: 6537784.
|