Colt et al.44 Colt HG, Crawford SW, Galbraith O 3rd. Virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation: a revolution in procedural training. Chest. 2001;120(4):1333-1339. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.4.1333 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.4.1333...
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To evaluate whether training beginners on a bronchoscopy simulator would allow the acquisition of basic skills, in comparison with experienced physicians, who received traditional training |
Pulmonology and intensive care residents |
5 |
A prospective study comparing a group of beginners receiving bronchoscopy simulator training and a group of experienced physicians who had performed more than 200 bronchoscopies |
After training, beginners significantly improved their dexterity, with fewer contacts with the bronchial wall (p = 0.022), and precision, with more segments identified (p = 0.029), equaling or even surpassing the performance of experts. |
Virtual simulator training was effective. |
Colt et al.1313 Colt HG, Davoudi M, Murgu S, Zamanian Rohani N. Measuring learning gain during a one-day introductory bronchoscopy course. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(1):207-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-1161-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-1161-...
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To evaluate an introductory one-day bronchoscopy simulation training course. |
Pulmonology and intensive care residents |
24 |
A multicenter prospective study evaluating pre-test and post-test trainees on the simulator |
After training, the mean scores for the technical skill tests on the simulator improved significantly, from 43% to 77% (p = 0.017). |
Virtual simulator training was effective. |
Veaudor et al.1414 Veaudor M, Gérinière L, Souquet PJ, Druette L, Martin X, Vergnon JM, et al. High-fidelity simulation self-training enables novice bronchoscopists to acquire basic bronchoscopy skills comparable to their moderately and highly experienced counterparts. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1304-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1304-...
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To evaluate whether a self-driven training program on a high-fidelity simulator would allow beginner residents to acquire skills similar to those of experienced bronchoscopists |
Pulmonology residents |
34 |
A prospective cohort study comparing the performance of bronchoscopists trained on a high-fidelity simulator with that of experienced bronchoscopists |
There was a significant reduction in mean procedure time (p = 0.002) and an improvement in overall performance (p = 0.002) among beginners, comparable to the general performance of experienced professionals. |
The simulator was effective in bronchoscopy training. |
Wahidi et al.1515 Wahidi MM, Silvestri GA, Coakley RD, Ferguson JS, Shepherd RW, Moses L, et al. A prospective multicenter study of competency metrics and educational interventions in the learning of bronchoscopy among new pulmonary fellows. Chest. 2010;137(5):1040-1049. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1234 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1234...
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To evaluate trainees performing bronchoscopy on real patients after receiving bronchoscopy simulator training. |
Pulmonology residents |
47 |
A multicenter prospective study comparing the performance of simulator-trained participants with that of participants who had received traditional training The BSTAT was used |
The incorporation of simulated bronchoscopy increased the speed of acquisition of bronchoscopy skills, and there was a statistically significant improvement in the mean BSTAT scores of trainees (p < 0.05) |
The use of simulators prior to performing bronchoscopy on real patients allows the improvement of bronchoscopy skills |
Ost et al.55 Ost D, DeRosiers A, Britt EJ, Fein AM, Lesser ML, Mehta AC. Assessment of a bronchoscopy simulator. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(12):2248-2255. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.12.2102087 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.12.21...
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To validate a virtual bronchoscopy simulator |
Pulmonology and intensive care residents |
28 |
A multicenter prospective cohort study evaluating participants performing bronchoscopy on real patients after receiving simulator training or traditional training |
The participants who underwent simulation training significantly improved their abilities after 20 simulations, with a reduction in time (p = 0.001) and an increase in the number of bronchi inspected (p = 0.03) In addition, they obtained better results on real patients than did those who received traditional training |
Bronchoscopy simulation training allowed faster acquisition of bronchoscopy skills in comparison with traditional training |
Rowe et al.1616 Rowe R, Cohen RA. An evaluation of a virtual reality airway simulator. Anesth Analg. 2002; 95(1):62-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200207000-00011 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-2002070...
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To evaluate the efficacy of a single short training session in pediatric endotracheal intubation on a bronchoscopy simulator |
Pediatrics residents |
20 |
A prospective study comparing the performance of residents on real patients before and after simulator training |
After simulator training, there was a reduction in the time to complete intubation with a bronchoscope (p < 0.001), in the number of contacts with the mucosa (p < 0.001), and in the time spent to view the mucosa adequately (p < 0.001), as well as an increase in the percentage of airway visualization (p = 0.004) |
Even a single short simulator training session improved the ability to perform pediatric endotracheal intubation with a bronchoscope |
Sokouti et al.1717 Sokouti M, Rezaei P, Ghojazadeh M, Sokouti M, Sadeghi R, Pashazadeh S, et al. 195: Systematic review and meta-analysis on the study of bronchoscopy training based on visual reality simulation. BMJ Open. 2017;7(Suppl 1). |
To conduct a systematic review of studies on virtual reality bronchoscopy simulator training |
Database searching (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) |
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A meta-analysis including original articles published between 2000 and 2016 and examining virtual reality bronchoscopy simulator training in rigid and flexible bronchoscopy |
Eight studies of virtual reality bronchoscopy simulator training were retrieved |
Bronchoscopy simulation training improved technical skills and should be considered an important learning tool |
Nilsson et al.1818 Nilsson PM, Naur TMH, Clementsen PF, Konge L. Simulation in bronchoscopy: current and future perspectives. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017;8:755-760. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S139929 https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S139929...
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To conduct an extensive bibliographic review of bronchoscopy simulation training |
Database searching in July of 2016 |
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Systematic review of studies of bronchoscopy simulation training, covering training structure, evaluation of skills, and inexpensive alternatives |
It was reported that bronchoscopy simulation training should be structured, that practicing in pairs is feasible and allows for more efficient use of the equipment, and that the performance of trainees should be evaluated by validated tools |
Bronchoscopy simulation training is effective |